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Lobbying is a form of advocacy, which lawfully attempts to directly influence legislators or government officials, such as regulatory agencies or judiciary. Lobbying involves direct, face-to-face contact and is carried out by various entities, including individuals acting as voters, constituents, or private citizens, corporations pursuing their business interests, nonprofits and NGOs through advocacy groups to achieve their missions, and legislators or government officials influencing each other in legislative affairs.
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The Conflict of Interest and Ethics Commissioner of Canada is an entity of the Parliament of Canada. The commissioner is an independent officer of Parliament, who administers the Conflict of Interest Act and the Conflict of Interest Code for Members of the House of Commons and is supported in this role by the Office of the Conflict of Interest and Ethics Commissioner. The position came into effect on July 9, 2007, with the coming into force of the Conflict of Interest Act. This act, in turn, was enacted as part of the Federal Accountability Act.
The Committee on Standards in Public Life(CSPL) is an advisory non-departmental public body of the United Kingdom Government, established by John Major in 1994 to advise the Prime Minister on ethical standards of public life. It promotes a code of conduct called the Seven Principles of Public Life, also known as the Nolan principles after the first chairman of the committee, Lord Nolan.
The Federal Accountability Act is a statute introduced as Bill C-2 in the first session of the 39th Canadian Parliament on April 11, 2006, by the President of the Treasury Board, John Baird. The aim was to reduce the opportunity to exert influence with money by banning corporate, union, and large personal political donations; five-year lobbying ban on former ministers, their aides, and senior public servants; providing protection for whistleblowers; and enhancing the power of the Auditor General to follow the money spent by the government.
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The Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007 is a law of the United States federal government that amended parts of the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995. It strengthens public disclosure requirements concerning lobbying activity and funding, places more restrictions on gifts for members of Congress and their staff, and provides for mandatory disclosure of earmarks in expenditure bills. The bill was signed into law by President George W. Bush on September 14, 2007.
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The Office of the Commissioner of Lobbying of Canada is an officer of Parliament of Canada who is responsible for achieving the objectives of the Lobbying Act that came into force in 2008. The office replaced the Office of the Registrar of Lobbyists.
A Lobby Registry, also named Lobbyist Registry, Register for Lobby Transparency or Registry of Lobbyists is a public database, in which information about lobbying actors and key data about their actions can be accessed.
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The Librarians' Registration Council of Nigeria (LRCN) was established as a parastatal under the Federal Ministry of Education by Act 12/Decree 12 of 1995 by the Nigerian government. The Council is responsible for providing leadership in the field of librarianship by regulating education for library and information science and its practice in Nigeria.
Lobbying in Canada involves external entities seeking to influence government decision-making at various levels. Over time, lobbying has transitioned from a practice associated with elites to a tool used by diverse civil society organizations. As of 2024, around 9,000 registered lobbyists operate at the federal level across approximately 3,500 organizations. Government intervention in the late 20th century aimed to enhance transparency and establish ethical standards for lobbyists and officials.
References
- 1 2 Lobbying Act, 1985 , , c. 44, as amended by Federal Accountability Act
- 1 2 "Office of the Commissioner of Lobbying of Canada". January 31, 2019. Retrieved April 22, 2022.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Canada (February 3, 2020). Lobbyists' Code of Conduct. Office of the Commissioner of Lobbying of Canada (Report). Retrieved April 22, 2022.
- 1 2 Annual Report 2020-21. Office of the Commissioner of Lobbying of Canada (Report). June 15, 2021. Retrieved April 22, 2022.
- ↑ Holmes, Nancy; Lithwick, Dara (April 28, 2020) [June 28, 2011]. The Federal Lobbying System: The Lobbying Act and the Lobbyists’ Code of Conduct (PDF). Library of Parliament (Report). Retrieved April 22, 2022.
- ↑ "Office of the Commissioner of Lobbying of Canada annual report". Secretariat of the Treasury Board of Canada. Open Government Portal. Retrieved April 22, 2022.
- 1 2 Canada, Office of the Commissioner of Lobbying of (January 23, 2020). "Lobbyists registrars and commissioners network (LRCN)". Office of the Commissioner of Lobbying of Canada. Retrieved April 22, 2022.
- 1 2 "Regulators gather virtually for Lobbyists Registrars and Commissioners Network conference". Office of the Commissioner of Lobbying of Canada. October 1, 2021. Retrieved April 22, 2022.