The London Film-makers' Co-operative, or LFMC, was a British film-making workshop founded in 1966. Its annual BFI Regional Film funding as a Limited Company and Registered Charity was withdrawn in 1999, without notification of its membership. The Arts Council of England sought to force the amalgamation of the London Film-makers Co-operative Distribution Archive with London Electronic Arts formerly London Video Access to form Lux Ltd. In less than one financial year the limited company set up by the Arts Council went into liquidation, resulting in the sale of its assets by Price Waterhouse Cooper. London Film-makers Co-op life members with legal advice gathered together proofs from key members including founder members of donated items of workshop and film projection equipment. With legal documentation those items were successfully withdrawn from the Price Waterhouse Cooper sale. However the Arts Council refused to release the contact details of over 200 members (those with films deposited in distribution) so that an urgent General Meeting could be called to prevent the unlawful confiscation and retention by the Arts Council of England and its paid appointees, of the Distribution Archive collection (of over 2,000 titles) and the film processing, printing, editing and cine projection equipment.LUX. [1] [2]
It grew out of film screenings at the Better Books bookstore, part of the 1960s counter-culture in London, [3] before moving to the original Arts Lab on Drury Lane, then sharing offices with John 'Hoppy' Hopkins' BIT information service and then, with the breakaway group that formed the New Arts Lab, to the Camden-based Institute for Research in Art and Technology. With the end of IRAT's lease in 1971 the Co-op found a base in a long-term squat in a former dairy at 13a Prince of Wales Crescent in Kentish Town. [4] From 1978 the LFMC Workshop, Distribution Archive and Cinema was based in Gloucester Avenue in Camden in a former British Rail Working Men’s Club building owned by British Rail, which for a number of years to the mid ‘80’s also housed the London Musicians Collective. In 1997 the LFMC including the Co-op Cinema moved together with London Video Arts to the new Lux Centre with a short lived Gallery exhibition space (3 year lease) Hoxton Square.
Founded by, amongst others, Stephen Dwoskin and Malcolm LeGrice, inspired by Jonas Mekas's The Film-Makers' Cooperative in New York. One difference between the New York Co-op and the LFMC was that the LFMC was organized as an egalitarian, worksharing cooperative, which assisted production as well as distribution. [5]
It initially had close links with American experimental cinema. Carla Liss ran the co-op's distribution archive. [6]
Filmmakers associated with the group include Malcolm Le Grice, Steve Dwoskin (founder members), Peter Gidal, Michael "Atters" Attree, [7] Carolee Schneemann, [8] Annabel Nicolson, Lis Rhodes, Gill Eatherley, Roger Hammond, Mike Dunford, Anne Rees-Mogg, David Crosswaite, David Larcher, Gary Woods, John Du Cane, Philip Goring, Chris Welsby, Fred Drummond, et al. [9] and William Raban, who managed the LFMC workshop from 1972 - 76. Sally Potter made several short films at the LFMC in the early 1970s. [10]
Work produced by members of the LFMC in the late 1960s and early 1970s has been labelled Structural/Materialist Film. [11]
LUX is the principal centre for the promotion and distribution of experimental film and video works in the UK.
Experimental film or avant-garde cinema is a mode of filmmaking that rigorously re-evaluates cinematic conventions and explores non-narrative forms or alternatives to traditional narratives or methods of working. Many experimental films, particularly early ones, relate to arts in other disciplines: painting, dance, literature and poetry, or arise from research and development of new technical resources.
Carolee Schneemann was an American visual experimental artist, known for her multi-media works on the body, narrative, sexuality and gender. She received a B.A. in poetry and philosophy from Bard College and a Master of Fine Arts from the University of Illinois. Originally a painter in the Abstract Expressionist tradition, Schneeman was uninterested in the masculine heroism of New York painters of the time and turned to performance-based work, primarily characterized by research into visual traditions, taboos, and the body of the individual in relation to social bodies. Although renowned for her work in performance and other media, Schneemann began her career as a painter, saying: "I'm a painter. I'm still a painter and I will die a painter. Everything that I have developed has to do with extending visual principles off the canvas." Her works have been shown at the Los Angeles Museum of Contemporary Art, the Museum of Modern Art in New York, the London National Film Theatre, and many other venues.
Raymond Durgnat was a British film critic, who was born in London to Swiss parents. During his life he wrote for virtually every major English language film publication. In 1965 he published the first major critical essay on Michael Powell, who had hitherto been "fashionably dismissed by critics as a 'technician's director'", as Durgnat put it.
London Video Arts (LVA) was founded for the promotion, distribution and exhibition of video art.
Structural film was an avant-garde experimental film movement prominent in the United States in the 1960s. A related movement developed in the United Kingdom in the 1970s.
Simon Hartog was a British filmmaker who worked as both director and producer. He helped develop an independent film industry in the United Kingdom (UK), founding London Film-Makers' Co-op in the 1960s, key to the avant-garde; working on independent documentaries, and founding the production company, Large Door Ltd. Through the Independent Filmmakers' Association, he campaigned for an independent Channel 4. Through his company, Hartog produced a series on world cinema, Visions, that ran on the channel for three years.
The Institute for Research in Art and Technology was founded in London in 1969 by a group of artists and activists including painter/author Pamela Zoline, video Pioneer John Hopkins, painter Biddy Peppin, film enthusiast David Curtis, arts theorist John Lifton composer Hugh Davies. Its early focus was on video, film, theatre and new media but this was subsequently expanded to include experimental literature, drama, sculpture and multimedia all based on art/technology crossovers.
Stephen Dwoskin was a major avant-garde filmmaker whose work was closely connected to the 'gaze theory' associated with Laura Mulvey; a significant disabled filmmaker – though he rejected being framed as such – and an activist for an alternative film culture, through such organizations as the London Film-Makers' Co-op and The Other Cinema. His films are held by the BFI and distributed by LUX. His archive is held at The University of Reading.
The Arts Lab was an alternative arts centre, founded in 1967 by Jim Haynes at 182 Drury Lane, London. Although only active for two years, it was influential in inspiring many similar centres in the UK, continental Europe and Australia, including the expanded Institute of Contemporary Arts (ICA) in London, the Milky Way/Melkweg in Amsterdam, the Entrepôt in Paris and the Yellow House Artist Collective founded by Martin Sharp in Sydney.
Chris Welsby is a Canadian experimental filmmaker, New Media and gallery installation artist. Born in the UK, in the 1970s Welsby was a member of the London Film-Makers' Co-op, and co-founder of the Digital Media Studio at the Slade School of Fine Arts, UCL, London. He immigrated to Canada in 1989. He is considered one of the pioneers of expanded cinema and moving image installation and was one of the first artists to exhibit film installations at the Tate and Hayward galleries London. His expanded cinema works and installations have since continued to break new conceptual ground and attract critical attention. A. L. Reece, in British Film Institute's A History of Experimental Film and Video, wrote: "Twenty-five years ago, when he made his first projections for large spaces, film and art rarely met in the gallery; now it is common and installation art is a distinct practice."
The Film-Makers' Cooperative is an artist-run, non-profit organization founded in 1961 in New York City by Jonas Mekas, Andy Warhol, Shirley Clarke, Stan Brakhage, Jack Smith, Lionel Rogosin, Gregory Markopoulos, Lloyd Michael Williams, and other filmmakers, for the distribution, education, and exhibition of avant-garde films and alternative media.
Stephen Partridge is an English video artist who studied under David Hall and his career as an artist, academic and researcher, helped to establish video as an art form in the UK.
Malcolm Le Grice is a British artist known for his avant-garde film work.
Sandra Lahire was a central figure in the experimental feminist filmmaking that emerged in the UK in the 1970s and 1980s.
Sarah Pucill is a London-based film artist. Her work is distributed by LUX, London and LightCone, Paris. She is a Reader at University of Westminster. Central to her work is "a concern with mortality and the materiality of the filmmaking process". Much of her work appears within the restrictions of domestic spaces. In her "explorations of the animate and inanimate, her work probes a journey between mirror and surface".
The BFI Production Board (1964-2000) was a state-funded film production fund managed by the British Film Institute (BFI) and "explicitly charged with backing work by new and uncommercial filmmakers." Emerging from the Experimental Film Fund, the BFI Production Board was a major source of funding for experimental, art house, animation, short and documentary cinema, with a continuing commitment to funding under-represented voices in filmmaking.
Alan Leonard Rees was a British writer and teacher on film who celebrated and promoted experimental filmmaking. He was also active in the London Film-Makers' Co-op, advised the Arts Council, the British Film Institute, the Tate Gallery and the Arts & Humanities Research Council.
Vera Neubauer is a Czech born British experimental filmmaker, animator, feminist activist and educator. She is known for her jarring, provocative and anti establishment approach. Her life's work spans genres, from cinematic short film to television series for children. Neubauer has received two BAFTA Cymru awards.
Peter Gidal is a British avant-garde filmmaker and film theorist.