Louis L. Williams | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Director of the Malaria Control in War Areas | |
| In office 1942–1943 | |
| President | Franklin D. Roosevelt |
| Succeeded by | Mark D. Hollis |
Louis L. Williams,Jr.,was an American politician. He served as the director of the Malaria Control in War Areas from 1942 to 1943. [1] [2]
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the national public health agency of the United States. It is a United States federal agency under the Department of Health and Human Services,and is headquartered in Atlanta,Georgia.
The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) is a federal public health agency within the United States Department of Health and Human Services. The agency focuses on minimizing human health risks associated with exposure to hazardous substances. It works closely with other federal,state,and local agencies;tribal governments;local communities;and healthcare providers. Its mission is to "Serve the public through responsive public health actions to promote healthy and safe environments and prevent harmful exposures." ATSDR was created as an advisory,nonregulatory agency by the Superfund legislation and was formally organized in 1985.
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health is the United States federal agency responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of work-related injury and illness. NIOSH is part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Despite its name,it is not part of either the National Institutes of Health nor OSHA. Its current director is John Howard.
The DPT vaccine or DTP vaccine is a class of combination vaccines against three infectious diseases in humans:diphtheria,pertussis,and tetanus. The vaccine components include diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and either killed whole cells of the bacterium that causes pertussis or pertussis antigens. The term toxoid refers to vaccines which use an inactivated toxin produced by the pathogen which they are targeted against in order to generate an immune response. In this way,the toxoid vaccine generates an immune response which is targeted against the toxin which is produced by the pathogen and causes disease,rather than a vaccine which is targeted against the pathogen itself. The whole cells or antigens will be depicted as either "DTwP" or "DTaP",where the lower-case "w" indicates whole-cell inactivated pertussis and the lower-case "a" stands for "acellular". In comparison to alternative vaccine types,such as live attenuated vaccines,the DTP vaccine does not contain the pathogen itself,but rather uses inactivated toxoid to generate an immune response;therefore,there is not a risk of use in populations that are immune compromised since there is not any known risk of causing the disease itself. As a result,the DTP vaccine is considered a safe vaccine to use in anyone and it generates a much more targeted immune response specific for the pathogen of interest. However,booster doses are recommended every ten years to maintain immune protection against these pathogens.
Julie Louise Gerberding is an American infectious disease expert who was the first woman to serve as the director of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). As of May 2022,she is the CEO of the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH). Gerberding grew up in Estelline,South Dakota,attended Brookings High School,and earned undergraduate and graduate degrees from Case Western Reserve University. She was the chief medical resident at the University of California,San Francisco where she treated hospitalized AIDS patients in the first years of the epidemic. Gerberding became a nationally-recognized figure during the 2001 anthrax attacks in the United States during her tenure as the acting deputy director of the National Center for Infectious Diseases,where she was a prominent spokeswoman for the CDC during daily briefings regarding the attacks and aftermath. Gerberding then served as CDC director from 2002-2009,and was then hired as an administrator at Merck.
The MMRV vaccine combines the attenuated virus MMR vaccine with the addition of the chickenpox vaccine or varicella vaccine. The MMRV vaccine is typically given to children between one and two years of age.
The National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD),formerly known as the National Immunization Program until April 2006,is charged with responsibility for the planning,coordination,and conduct of immunization activities in the United States. NCIRD is a part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,located in Atlanta,Georgia,and housed in the CDC's Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases (CCID). The National Center for Immunization provides consultation,training,statistical,promotional,educational,epidemiological,and technical services to assist state and local health departments across the US in planning,developing,contracting and implementing immunization programs.
An occupational hazard is a hazard experienced in the workplace. This encompasses many types of hazards,including chemical hazards,biological hazards (biohazards),psychosocial hazards,and physical hazards. In the United States,the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conduct workplace investigations and research addressing workplace health and safety hazards resulting in guidelines. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) establishes enforceable standards to prevent workplace injuries and illnesses. In the EU,a similar role is taken by EU-OSHA.
Thomas R. Frieden is an American infectious disease and public health physician. He serves as president and CEO of Resolve to Save Lives,a $225 million,five-year initiative to prevent epidemics and cardiovascular disease.
The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention is an institution directly under the National Health Commission,based in Changping District,Beijing,China.
Anne Schuchat is an American medical doctor. She is a former rear admiral and assistant surgeon general in the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps. She also served as the principal deputy director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In May 2021,Schuchat stepped down from her post.
In the United States,the National Malaria Eradication Program (NMEP) was launched in July 1947. By 1951 this federal program—with state and local participation—had reduced the incidence of malaria in the United States to the point that the program was officially ended.
Tetanus vaccine,also known as tetanus toxoid (TT),is a toxoid vaccine used to prevent tetanus. During childhood,five doses are recommended,with a sixth given during adolescence.
The Taiwan Centers for Disease Control is the agency of the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Republic of China (Taiwan) that combats the threat of communicable diseases.
The Division of Select Agents and Toxins (DSAT) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is responsible for the Select Agent Program and the Etiologic Agent Import Permit Program. They inspect the laboratories of more than 300 organizations approved to use and transfer select agents,and put regulations in place to minimize risk in the use of these bacterial agents and toxins.
Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency,formerly Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,is an organization under the South Korean Ministry of Welfare and Health that is responsible for the advancement of public health by managing prevention,survey,quarantine,trial,and research on infectious diseases,chronic and rare illnesses and injuries. It was founded in December 2003 and is located in Osong Health Technology Administration Complex in Cheongju. The organization is led by the vice-ministerial-level Commissioner of KDCA.
Nancy Messonnier is an American physician who served as the director of the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 2016 to 2021. She worked on the CDC's response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.
Robert J. Anderson was the chief of the Communicable Disease Center (CDC) of the United States Public Health Service,forerunner to the modern Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,from October 1,1956,to June 30,1960.
The Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention is a public health agency of the African Union to support the public health initiatives of member states and strengthen the capacity of their health institutions to deal with disease threats. The Africa CDC ideas was proposed by the government of Ethiopia in 2013 during a TB/HIV special summit in Abuja,Nigeria. From 2013 to 2016,the modalities and statue of Africa CDC were developed and the specialized agency was officially launched in January 2017.
Rochelle Paula Walensky is an American physician-scientist who is the director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the administrator of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. On May 5,2023,she announced her resignation,effective June 30,2023. Prior to her appointment at the CDC,she was the Chief of the Division of Infectious Diseases at Massachusetts General Hospital and a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School. Walensky is an expert on HIV/AIDS.
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