The Maasgau, Masao, or Maasland, was an early medieval region or pagus , on both sides of the Meuse (Dutch : Maas), stretching north of the city of Maastricht.
In some periods there was also one or more counties (comitates) of this name.
According to Nonn's collection of attestations:
As pointed out by Verhelst, the term Masalant (Maasland) is used mainly when referring to Maastricht, and according to him it is only used by mistake in the 950 case above. In 889, 898 and 919, Maastricht is specifically described as being in the comitatus (county) of Maselant. In the 898 record it is also added that it is in the Pagus of Hasbania. In a different record of 898 it is described instead of being in the pagus of Maseland. In contrast, in another 919 record it is described as being in the comitatus of Hasbania.
The County of Hainaut, sometimes spelled Hainault, was a territorial lordship within the medieval Holy Roman Empire that straddled the present-day border of Belgium and France. Its most important towns included Mons, now in Belgium, and Valenciennes, now in France.
Albert I the son of Robert I, was a count who held the castle of Namur and a county in the Lommegau. His county came to be referred to as the County of Namur in records during his lifetime.
The County of Loon was a county in the Holy Roman Empire, which corresponded approximately with the modern Belgian province of Limburg. It was named after the original seat of its count, Loon, which is today called Borgloon. During the middle ages the counts moved their court to a more central position in Kuringen, which today forms part of Hasselt, capital of the province.
The Hesbaye, or Haspengouw, is a traditional cultural and geophysical region in eastern Belgium. It is a loamy plateau region which forms a watershed between the Meuse and Scheldt drainage basins. It has been one of the main agricultural regions in what is now Belgium since before Roman times, and specifically named in records since the Middle Ages, when it was an important Frankish pagus or gau, called Hasbania in medieval Latin.
Count Richar or Richer was a 10th-century Lotharingian count. He had a well-attested county in the Luihgau, a territory between Liège and Aachen, and he is generally considered to have held comital status in the County of Hainaut, possibly in the area of Mons.
Gilbert (Giselbert), Count of Maasgau was a Frankish noble in what would become Lotharingia, during his lifetime in the 9th century. The Carolingian dynasty created this "middle kingdom" and fought over it, and he is mentioned as playing a role on both sides.
Giselbert van Loon is the first definitely known count of the County of Loon, a territory which, at least in later times, roughly corresponded to the modern Belgian province of Limburg, and generations later became a lordship directly under the Prince-bishopric of Liège. Very little is known about him except that he had two brothers, one of whom, Bishop Balderic II of Liège, is much better attested in historical records.
Count Nibelung or Nevelung, son of Count Ricfried and his wife Herensinda. He was probably his father's heir, and like his father he was probably a count in Betuwe (Batavia), and more generally in the Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta region, now in the Netherlands, and the neighbouring northern Rhineland in Germany. His better-known brother was Bishop Balderic of Utrecht.
Count Emmo, Immo or Emmon is one of the first known counts of Loon in the region of modern Belgian Limburg. Before him one more count is known with confidence, Count Giselbert, but it is not certain that Giselbert was Emmo's father. Verhelst for example has proposed that he was his uncle, and that Giselbert's brother Count Arnulf was father of Emmo and also a count of Loon.
The pagus or gau of Hasbania was a large early medieval territory in what is now eastern Belgium. It is now approximated by the modern French- and Dutch-speaking region called Hesbaye in French, or Haspengouw in Dutch — both being terms derived from the medieval one. Unlike many smaller pagi of the period, Hasbania apparently never corresponded to a single county. It already contained several in the 9th century. It is therefore described as a "Großgau", like the Pagus of Brabant, by modern German historians such as Ulrich Nonn.
Robert I or Rupert, was a count or duke in the Hesbaye region. His father's name is known to be Lambert.
Count Rudolf, was a count in Lower Lotharingia, who apparently held possessions in the Hesbaye region and in the area of Meuse river north of Maastricht. It has been proposed that he was a son of Reginar II, Count of Hainaut, and thus a member of the so-called Regnarid dynasty.
Count Emmo, Immo or Immon, was the name of at least one important Lotharingian nobleman in the 10th century, described by medieval annalists as a cunning strategist. Various life events of a nobleman of this name were recorded, although historians differ about exactly which records refer to the same person or people. The first record claimed for him shows him as a young noble granting land to a new vassal in the Condroz region in 934, a member of the entourage of Duke Gilbert of Lotharingia. During the revolt of Gilbert which ended at the Battle of Andernach in 939, he switched sides. After the revolt he was personally associated with the fort at Chèvremont, near Liège. It becomes difficult later in Immo's life to be sure that all records mentioning a count of this name are referring to the same person.
Amaury (Amulric) (died after 973), was a tenth century count with territory in Hainaut, possibly a Count of Valenciennes.
Sigard (Sigehard), was a tenth-century Lotharingian count in Hainaut and Liugas, between Liège and Aachen. Various relationships to others have been proposed for him, but these are all uncertain.
Liugas, Leuwa-gau, or Luihgau, was a small pagus or gau from the late 8th to mid-11th centuries, east of the Meuse river roughly between Liège, Maastricht, and Aachen, an area where Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands meet today. There were only a small number of mentions made of this territory, all between 779 and 1059.
Count Otto of Loon as he was known during his own lifetime, was founder of the family of Counts of Duras, and brother of Emmo, Count of Loon, one of the first known counts of Loon. In contemporary and later medieval records he is mainly known for his role as advocate of Sint-Truiden Abbey, which is today in Belgian Limburg.
Ansfried or Ansfrid, was a 10th-century count, who held 15 counties in Lotharingia, a former kingdom which contained the low countries and Lorraine, and which was coming under the control of the new Holy Roman Empire during his lifetime. He is sometimes referred to as "the elder" in order to distinguish him from his nephew, and apparent heir, Bishop Ansfried of Utrecht, who was also a powerful count until he became a bishop.
The pagus of Brabant was a geographical region in the early Middle Ages, located in what is now Belgium. It was the first region known to have been called Brabant, and it included the modern capital of Belgium, Brussels. It was divided between the neighbouring counties of Flanders, Hainaut and Louvain (Leuven) in the eleventh century. It was the eastern part, which went to the Counts of Louvain, which kept the name in use, becoming the primary name of their much larger lordship. This led to other regions later being named Brabant - in particular, the French and Dutch-speaking areas east of the Dyle, including Leuven and Wavre, which are still known as "Brabant"; and secondly the province of North Brabant in the Netherlands.
The Lomme gau or pagus, often referred to using Latin, Pagus Lomacensis, or German Lommegau, was an early Austrasian Frankish territorial division. The oldest Latin spellings were Laumensis or Lomensis. It included the city of Namur, and the region where the County of Namur later came to form in the 10th century.