Macroscopic quantum state

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A macroscopic quantum state is a state of matter in which macroscopic properties, such as mechanical motion, [1] thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity [2] and viscosity, can be described only by quantum mechanics rather than merely classical mechanics. [3] This occurs primarily at low temperatures where little thermal motion is present to mask the quantum nature of a substance.

Macroscopic quantum phenomena can emerge from coherent states of superfluids and superconductors. [3] Quantum states of motion have been directly observed in a macroscopic mechanical resonator (see quantum machine).

References

  1. ↑ O'Connell, A. D.; Hofheinz, M.; Ansmann, M.; Bialczak, Radoslaw C.; Lenander, M.; Lucero, Erik; Neeley, M.; Sank, D.; Wang, H.; Weides, M.; Wenner, J.; Martinis, John M.; Cleland, A. N. (2010). "Quantum ground state and single-phonon control of a mechanical resonator". Nature. 464 (7289): 697–703. Bibcode:2010Natur.464..697O. doi:10.1038/nature08967. ISSN   0028-0836. PMID   20237473. S2CID   4412475.
  2. ↑ Ansmann, Markus; Wang, H.; Bialczak, Radoslaw C.; Hofheinz, Max; Lucero, Erik; Neeley, M.; O'Connell, A. D.; Sank, D.; Weides, M.; Wenner, J.; Cleland, A. N.; Martinis, John M. (2009). "Violation of Bell's inequality in Josephson phase qubits". Nature. 461 (7263): 504–506. Bibcode:2009Natur.461..504A. doi:10.1038/nature08363. ISSN   0028-0836. PMID   19779447. S2CID   4401494.
  3. 1 2 Jaeger, Gregg (September 2014). "What in the (quantum) world is macroscopic?". American Journal of Physics. 82 (9): 896–905. Bibcode:2014AmJPh..82..896J. doi:10.1119/1.4878358.


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