The politics of Mongolia takes place in a framework of a parliamentary system with a multi-party representative democracy. While some sources have incorrectly described Mongolia as a semi-presidential system, its 1992 Constitution clearly defines it as a parliamentary republic.
Anton Rop is a Slovenian politician. He was Prime Minister of Slovenia, from 2002 to 2004. Until 2005 he was also the president of the Liberal Democratic Party, the legal successor of the Slovenian Association of Socialist Youth. On 20 March 2007 he left the party and joined the Social Democrats. In 2010, he was appointed a vice-president of the European Investment Bank.
Mehmet Ali Talat is a Turkish Cypriot politician who served as the president of Northern Cyprus from 2005 to 2010. Talat was the leader of the social democratic Republican Turkish Party, from 1996 to 2005 and 2015 to 2016. He became prime minister in 2004, and subsequently won the presidential election held on 17 April 2005. Talat was inaugurated on 25 April 2005, succeeding retiring leader Rauf Denktaş. He lost the presidential election of 2010 and was replaced by Derviş Eroğlu as President.
Radu Vasile was a Romanian politician, historian, academic/professor, and poet.
Maja Gojković is a Serbian politician who has been the president of the Government of Vojvodina since 2024. A member of the Serbian Progressive Party (SNS), she previously served as president of the National Assembly from 2014 to 2020 and deputy prime minister of Serbia and minister of culture and information from 2020 until 2024.
Miyegombyn Enkhbold is a Mongolian politician who was Prime Minister of Mongolia from January 2006 to November 2007 and deputy prime minister from 2007 to 2012. He has been Chairman of the State Great Khural, the Mongolian parliament, from 2016 to 2019.
Claude Meisch is a Luxembourgish politician with a degree in financial mathematics from Trier university. Meisch was appointed Minister of Education in 2013 in the government of Xavier Bettel, a post he held until 2023. He was appointed Minister of Education and Youth and as Minister of Housing in 2023 in the government of Luc Frieden He has been a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1999 to 2013 and Mayor of Differdange since 2002. He was President of the Democratic Party (DP) from 2004 until 2013, of which he has been a member since 1994.
Bhavna Chikhalia was a Minister of State of Parliamentary Affairs and of Tourism and Culture in Government of India from 2003 to 2004. She was also a member of Lok Sabha and the first lady of Gujarat who won four consecutive term of Lok Sabha from Junagadh constituency, Gujarat. She was executive secretary of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) Parliamentary Wing from 1993 to 1996, and party Whip and Party Vice President in 1998. She was Chairperson of the Railway Convention Committee during 1999–2002.
Akira Nagatsuma is a Japanese politician of the Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan (CDP), a member of House of Representatives in the Diet. Nagatsuma is currently the deputy leader and the head of the Tokyo chapter of the CDP. He had served as the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare in the Hatoyama and Kan administration. He came to prominence when he reported missing records of public pension plans. A native of Nerima, Tokyo and graduate of Keio University, he was elected for the first time in 2000 after unsuccessful runs in 1995 and 1996.
Keiji Furuya is a Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party, serving as a member of the House of Representatives in the Diet of Japan.
Marina Matulović-Dropulić is a Croatian politician who served as Minister of Spatial Planning, Construction and Housing in the cabinet of prime Minister Zlatko Mateša from 1995 until 1996, and as Minister of Construction, Spatial Planning and Environment in the two cabinets of Ivo Sanader from 2003 until 2009, as well as the cabinet of Jadranka Kosor until 2010. Furthermore, Matulović-Dropulić served as the 49th Mayor of Zagreb, becoming the first woman in the city's history to hold that post. She was initially appointed to the post in 1996 by President Franjo Tuđman, who had refused to appoint four other candidates elected by the city council to serve as the mayor, an incident known as the Zagreb crisis. She was once more elected mayor in 1997 and served until 2000. She is a member of the Croatian Democratic Union party.
Hakkı Atun is a former Prime Minister of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. He held this office between 1994 and 1996. He was born in Famagusta in 1935. In 1959, he graduated from Istanbul Technical University as an engineer architect. He studied urban planning at Manchester and Nottingham Universities. In 1961–1975, he held various public positions. In 1963, he became the Regional Director of Limassol-Paphos Planning, in 1967 became the Head of the Planning and Construction Department, and in 1975, the Undersecretary of Housing.
Barbara Prammer was an Austrian politician and member of the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ). In 2006 she was the first woman to become President of the National Council of Austria, an office she held until her death.
Simonetta Myriam Sommaruga is a Swiss politician who served as a Member of the Swiss Federal Council from 2010 to 2022. A member of the Social Democratic Party (SP/PS), she was President of the Swiss Confederation in 2015 and 2020.
Gent Hysen Strazimiri was a member of the Assembly of the Republic of Albania for the Democratic Party of Albania (DP). He was Deputy Minister of Interior Affairs from 2007 to 2009. Strazimiri is also member of the committee on Legal Affairs, Public Administration and Human Rights and Committee on Education and Public Information.
Minerva Josefina Tavárez Mirabal, known as Minou, is a philologist, professor and politician from the Dominican Republic. Tavárez served as deputy for the National District in the lower House for three terms from 2002 until 2016; she served as deputy minister of foreign affairs from 1996 to 2000.
The First Bettel Government was the ruling government of Luxembourg from 4 December 2013 to 5 December 2018. It was led by Prime Minister Xavier Bettel and Deputy Prime Minister Etienne Schneider. It was formed on 4 December 2013, after the 2013 election which saw all 60 seats in the Chamber of Deputies renewed. The government was a traffic light coalition between the Democratic Party (DP), the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP) and The Greens. It was succeeded by the second Bettel Government on 5 December 2018.
Viola Patricia Amherd is a Swiss politician who has served as a Member of the Swiss Federal Council since 2019, and as President of the Swiss Confederation for 2024 between 1 January and 31 December. She is the head of the Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sport. Amherd was a member of the Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC) before it merged with the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP/PBD) to form The Centre (DM/LC) in 2021, which she joined.
Lex Delles is a Luxembourgish politician. He was mayor of Mondorf-les-Bains, Member of the Chamber of Deputies, he served as Minister for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises and Minister for Tourism in the second Bettel Government and, from 17 November 2023 on, serves as Minister of Economy, SMEs and Engery and Tourism in the Frieden-Bettel Government.
Fernand Etgen is a Luxembourgish politician of the Democratic Party (DP) who served as the President of the Chamber of Deputies from 2018 to 2023.
