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Lebanon, officially known as the Lebanese Republic, is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Syria to the north and east and Israel to the south, while Cyprus is west across the Mediterranean Sea. Lebanon's location at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian hinterland facilitated its rich history and shaped a cultural identity of religious and ethnic diversity. At just 10,452 km2, it is the smallest recognized sovereign state on the mainland Asian continent.
Beirut is the capital and largest city of Lebanon. No recent population census has been conducted, but 2007 estimates ranged from slightly more than 1 million to 2.2 million as part of Greater Beirut, which makes it the third-largest city in the Levant region and the fifteenth-largest in the Arab world. Located on a peninsula at the midpoint of Lebanon's Mediterranean coast, Beirut is an important regional seaport.
Jounieh is a coastal city in Keserwan District, about 16 km (10 mi) north of Beirut, Lebanon and is part of Mount Lebanon. Jounieh is known for its seaside resorts and bustling nightlife, as well as its old stone souk, ferry port, paragliding site and gondola lift, which takes passengers up the mountain to the shrine of Our Lady of Lebanon in Harissa.
The American University of Beirut (AUB) is a private, non-sectarian, and independent university in Beirut, Lebanon. It is one of the most prestigious universities in the Middle East, securing the top spot in the Arab region in the 2018 QS World University Rankings.
The Svalbard Global Seed Vault is a secure seed bank on the Norwegian island of Spitsbergen in the remote Arctic Svalbard archipelago. Conservationist Cary Fowler, in association with the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), started the vault to preserve a wide variety of plant seeds that are duplicate samples, or "spare" copies, of seeds held in gene banks worldwide. The seed vault is an attempt to ensure against the loss of seeds in other genebanks during large-scale regional or global crises. The seed vault is managed under terms spelled out in a tripartite agreement among the Norwegian government, the Crop Trust, and the Nordic Genetic Resource Center (NordGen).
Nadine Labaki is a Lebanese actress, director and activist. Labaki first came into the spotlight as an actress in the early 2000s. Her film-making career began in 2007 after the release of her debut film, Caramel, which premiered at the Cannes 2007 Film Festival. She is known for demonstrating everyday aspects of Lebanese life and covering a range of political issues such as war, poverty, and feminism. She is the first female Arab director to be nominated for an Oscar in the category for Best Foreign Language Film.
The International Center for Agriculture Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), a member of the CGIAR, supported by the CGIAR Fund, is a non-profit agricultural research institute that aims to improve the livelihoods of the resource-poor across the world's dry areas.
Dr Guido Gryseels is a Belgian academic and agricultural economist who has been Director-General of the Royal Museum for Central Africa in Tervuren, Belgium since 2001. Until the end of 2009, he was also the Chair of the Board of Trustees of the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), based in Aleppo, Syria. Gryseels, a Belgian national, joined as a member of ICARDA Board of Trustees in 2003 and, at the time, he took over as Board Chair in 2005 and replacing Margaret Catley-Carlson.
Haret Hreik is a mixed Shia and Maronite Christian municipality, in the Dahieh suburbs, south of Beirut, Lebanon. It is part of Baabda District. Once an agricultural village, Haret Hreik lost its rural identity due to the wave of refugees from Southern Lebanon who settled in the town and made it another urban neighborhood of Dahieh. Haret Hreik is located northeast of the Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport and north of the towns of Laylake and Bourj el-Barajneh, west of Hadath and south of Chyah. The town is the headquarters of the Shi'ite group Hezbollah. Israeli warplanes destroyed the headquarters and civilian homes on July 2006.
Adel Osseiran was a prominent Lebanese statesman, a former Speaker of the Lebanese Parliament, and one of the founding fathers of the Lebanese Republic.
Saint Joseph University is a private Catholic research university in Beirut, Lebanon, founded in 1875 by the Jesuits. According to the 2012–2013 Times Higher Education World University Rankings, powered by Thomson Reuters, Saint Joseph University ranks as the second best university in Lebanon, and among the top academic institutions in the Middle East. Its alumni include numerous Lebanese presidents, ministers, philosophers, intellectuals, clerics and beyond. As Lebanon's oldest and main French medium university, while promoting Lebanese culture, admission openly disregards any ethno-religious affiliations, encouraging trilingualism of French, Arabic and English. Additionally, it is known for its university hospital, Hôtel-Dieu de France.
Lebanon is an eastern Mediterranean country that is composed of mostly Muslims and Christians. The main two religions are Islam with 50% of the citizens and Christianity with 44.4% of the citizens. The Druze are about 4.9% of the citizens. The country has the most religiously diverse society of all states within the Middle East, comprising 18 recognized religious sects. But outside of Lebanon, Lebanese people are mostly Christians. It is also estimated that a large proportion of its population are refugees which affects statistics. The refugees mostly Syrian or Palestinian are predominately Sunni but also includes Christians and Shia.
Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport is located 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) from the city center in the southern suburbs of Beirut, Lebanon, and is the only operational commercial airport in the country. It is the hub for Lebanon's national carrier, Middle East Airlines. It is also the hub for the Lebanese charter carrier Wings of Lebanon, and was the hub for the Lebanese cargo carrier TMA cargo before its collapse.
Benjamin C. Wedeman is an American journalist and war correspondent. He has been CNN's lead correspondent in Jerusalem since 2009. He has been with the network since 1994, and has earned multiple Emmy Awards and Edward Murrow Awards for team reporting.
International School of Aleppo (ISA) founded in 1977, was an English language in Aleppo and the only International Baccalaureate World School in Syria. It offered the IB Primary Years Programme and IB Diploma Programme. The school's other major programs included International General Certificate of Secondary Education for 9th and 10th graders. As of April 2012, the school is no longer open due to the ongoing Syrian Civil War.
Lebanon–United States relations are bilateral relations between the Lebanese Republic and the United States of America.
France–Lebanon relations are the international relations between the Lebanese Republic and the French Republic. France, the former colonial power, enjoys friendly relations with Lebanon and has often provided support to the Lebanese. The French language is widely spoken fluently throughout Lebanon and is taught as well as used as a medium of education in many Lebanese schools. Both nations are members of the Francophonie.
The Museum of Lebanese Prehistory is a museum of prehistory and archaeology in Beirut, Lebanon.
The Future Harvest Consortium to Rebuild Agriculture in Afghanistan (FHCRAA) is a consortium of aid organizations working to restructure agriculture in the central Asian nation. In the beginning of January 2002, ICARDA, with the support of USAID, brought together 34 organizations including CGIAR centers and other research institutes, relief and development organizations, NGOs, U.S. universities, donor agencies and the Afghanistan Ministry of Agriculture at a meeting in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. FHCRAA was the result.
Islam in Lebanon is followed by nearly 60%, including the Druze, of the country's total population: Sunnis make up also 27.4%, with the Shafi'i madhhab being the predominant Sunni group with pockets of Hanafi and Hanbali. Shias make up 26.8%, with Twelvers being the predominant Shia group, followed by Alawites and Ismailis. Several large Sufi orders are active in the country, including the Naqshbandi and Qadiriyya tariqas.
References
- ↑ "ICARDA". icarda.org. Retrieved 23 October 2012.[ permanent dead link ]
- ↑ Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research
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