Maja Einstein | |
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 Einstein in the 1900s | |
| Born | Maria Einstein 18 November 1881 Munich, German Empire |
| Died | 25 June 1951 (aged 69) |
| Nationality | German, Swiss, American |
| Occupation | Romanist |
| Spouse | Paul Winteler |
| Parents |
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| Relatives | Albert Einstein (brother) |
Maria "Maja" Einstein Winteler (18 November 1881 - 25 June 1951) was a German Romanist and the younger sister of the physicist Albert Einstein.
Einstein was born in Munich. Her mother was Pauline Einstein (née Koch) and her father was Hermann Einstein. Einstein attended elementary school in Munich. Through mismanagement the family got into financial difficulties and moved to Italy. In Milan she attended the German-speaking International School from 1887 to 1894. In 1899 she moved to Aarau, where her brother Albert attended the Kantonsschule and joined the family of the school professor Jost Winteler. There she met his youngest son Paul Winteler, her future husband. In Aarau she was a student of the teacher's seminar from 1899 to 1902. After the death of her father she acquired the teacher's patent in 1905.
Einstein studied Romance languages and literature in Berlin, Bern, and Paris. She received her doctorate from the University of Bern in 1909 with the dissertation Feststellung des Handschriftenverhältnises des Chevalier au Cygne und Enfances Godefroy. On 23 March 1910 she married Paul Winteler and lost her work permit as a result.
Einstein and her husband moved to Lucerne-Bramberg. After the death of Maja Einstein's mother in 1920, they moved to Italy and acquired an estate outside Florence in Colonnata (Sesto Fiorentino). In 1924, her brother Albert gave them 7,000 Reichsmarks to pay off debts that burdened the estate. Their financial problems continued due to unemployment.
Following the introduction of anti-Semitic laws by Benito Mussolini in Italy, Maja Einstein relocated to the United States in February 1939. She moved to Princeton to live with her brother Albert on Mercer Street. Her husband Paul was denied entry to enter the U.S. for health reasons, and he stayed with relatives in Geneva. [1] Maja Einstein intended to return home after the end of the Second World War. In 1946 she suffered a stroke. She later developed arteriosclerosis and became bedridden, which prevented her from returning to Europe. Einstein maintained a correspondence with Paul until her death. She died on 25 June 1951 of pneumonia as a result of a fracture of the upper arm in Princeton. [2] Her husband died on 15 July 1952 in Geneva.
Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist who is widely held as one of the most influential scientists. Best known for developing the theory of relativity, Einstein also made important contributions to quantum mechanics. His mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2, which arises from special relativity, has been called "the world's most famous equation". He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect", a pivotal step in the development of quantum theory.
Mileva Marić, sometimes called Mileva Marić-Einstein, was a Serbian physicist and mathematician. She showed intellectual aptitude from a young age and studied at Zürich Polytechnic in a highly male dominated field, after having studied medicine for one semester at Zürich University. Her studies included differential and integral calculus, descriptive and projective geometry, mechanics, theoretical physics, applied physics, experimental physics, and astronomy. One of her study colleagues at university was her future husband Albert Einstein, to whose early work Marić is thought by some to have contributed.
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Jost Winteler was a Swiss professor of Greek and history at the Kantonsschule Aarau, a linguist, a "noted" philologist, an ornithologist, a journalist, and a published poet. He served as both a mentor and father figure to a teenage Albert Einstein, who boarded at his home from October 1895 to October 1896, while he attended his final year of secondary school.
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