Castration is any action,surgical,chemical,or otherwise,by which a male loses use of the testicles:the male gonad. Surgical castration is bilateral orchiectomy,while chemical castration uses pharmaceutical drugs to deactivate the testes. Castration causes sterilization;it also greatly reduces the production of hormones,such as testosterone and estrogen. Surgical castration in animals is often called neutering.
Cool Hand Luke is a 1967 American prison drama film directed by Stuart Rosenberg,starring Paul Newman and featuring George Kennedy in an Oscar-winning performance. Newman stars in the title role as Luke,a prisoner in a Florida prison camp who refuses to submit to the system. Set in the early 1950s,it is based on Donn Pearce's 1965 novel Cool Hand Luke.
The penal colony of Cayenne,commonly known as Devil's Island,was a French penal colony that operated for 100 years,from 1852 to 1952,and officially closed in 1953,in the Salvation Islands of French Guiana.
Peon usually refers to a person subject to peonage:any form of wage labor,financial exploitation,coercive economic practice,or policy in which the victim or a laborer (peon) has little control over employment or economic conditions. Peon and peonage can refer to both the colonial period and post-colonial period of Latin America,as well as the period after the end of slavery in the United States,when "Black Codes" were passed to retain African-American freedmen as labor through other means.
Malachi Brendan Martin,also known under the pseudonym of Michael Serafian,was an Irish-born American Traditionalist Catholic priest,biblical archaeologist,exorcist,palaeographer,professor,and prolific writer on the Roman Catholic Church.
The Peter and Paul Fortress is the original citadel of St. Petersburg,Russia,founded by Peter the Great in 1703 and built to Domenico Trezzini's designs from 1706 to 1740 as a star fortress. Between the first half of the 1700s and early 1920s it served as a prison for political criminals. It has been a museum since 1924.
The Louisiana State Penitentiary is a maximum-security prison farm in Louisiana operated by the Louisiana Department of Public Safety &Corrections. It is named "Angola" after the former slave plantation that occupied this territory. The plantation was named after the country of Angola from which many slaves originated before arriving in Louisiana.
Mississippi State Penitentiary (MSP),also known as Parchman Farm,is a maximum-security prison farm located in the unincorporated community of Parchman in Sunflower County,Mississippi,in the Mississippi Delta region. Occupying about 28 square miles (73 km2) of land,Parchman is the only maximum security prison for men in the state of Mississippi,and is the state's oldest prison.
The Nuwaubian Nation,Nuwaubian movement,or United Nuwaubian Nation is an American new religious movement founded and led by Dwight York,also known as Malachi Z. York. York began founding several black Muslim groups in New York in 1967. He changed his teachings and the names of his groups many times,incorporating concepts from Judaism,Christianity,UFO religions,New Age,and many esoteric beliefs.
The Cummins Unit is an Arkansas Department of Corrections prison in unincorporated Lincoln County,Arkansas,United States,in the Arkansas Delta region. It is located along U.S. Route 65,near Grady,Gould,and Varner,28 miles (45 km) south of Pine Bluff,and 60 miles (97 km) southeast of Little Rock.
Convict leasing was a system of forced penal labor that was practiced historically in the Southern United States,the laborers being mainly African-American men;it was ended during the 20th century. It provided prisoner labor to private parties,such as plantation owners and corporations.
The Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) is a department of the government of the U.S. state of Texas. The TDCJ is responsible for statewide criminal justice for adult offenders,including managing offenders in state prisons,state jails,and private correctional facilities,funding and certain oversight of community supervision,and supervision of offenders released from prison on parole or mandatory supervision. The TDCJ operates the largest prison system in the United States.
Florida State Hospital (FSH) is a hospital and psychiatric hospital in Chattahoochee,Florida. Established in 1876,it was Florida's only state mental institution until 1947. It currently has a capacity of 1,042 patients. The hospital's current Administration Building is on the National Register of Historic Places.
The Florida Department of Corrections (FDC) is the government agency responsible for operating state prisons in the U.S. state of Florida. It has its headquarters in the state capital of Tallahassee.
Against the Wall is a 1994 American action historical drama television film directed by John Frankenheimer,written by Ron Hutchinson,and starring Samuel L. Jackson and Kyle MacLachlan. It aired on HBO on March 26,1994. The film was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Jackson and won a Primetime Emmy Award for Frankenheimer.
Clemens Unit (CN) is a prison farm of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) in unincorporated Brazoria County,Texas,in Greater Houston. The prison,with about 8,008 acres (3,241 ha),is located at the intersection of Farm to Market Road 2004 and Texas State Highway 36. The prison,in the Texas Gulf Coast region,is in proximity to the City of Brazoria,and it is in proximity to the Velasco community,now a part of Freeport. The prison is situated south of Houston.
The Tucker Unit is a prison in Dudley Lake Township,unincorporated Jefferson County,Arkansas,25 miles (40 km) northeast of Pine Bluff. It is operated by the Arkansas Department of Correction (ADC). Tucker is one of the state of Arkansas's "parent units" for male prisoners;it serves as one of several units of initial assignment for processed male prisoners. It is in proximity to,but not within,the Tucker census-designated place.
Alfred Brown Osgood was an American legislator and Christian minister in Florida.
George Washington Witherspoon was a shoemaker,A.M.E. minister,and state legislator in Florida.
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