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The haruwa–charuwa system is a forced-labour system based on debt bondage, prevalent in the agricultural sector of the eastern Terai region in Nepal. Haruwa means "forced tiller" and are usually adult males, while charuwa means "forced cattle-herder" and are usually women and children. The victims of this bonded labour system are usually dalit families, most commonly from the Musahar caste. Due to landlessness and poverty, they are forced into service of landowner families under slavery-like conditions. The haruwa–charuwa system is similar to the Haliya and Kamaiya systems of western Nepal.
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References
- ↑ "Education as an intervention strategy to eliminate and prevent child labour" (PDF). International labour organisation. Retrieved 21 September 2011.
- ↑ "Mamidipudi Venkatarangaiya Foundation".
- ↑ Bharadwaj, Anusha. "Handbook for organizations for the 'area-based approach' to eliminate child labour and universalise education" (PDF).
- ↑ "M Venkatarangaiya Foundation" . Retrieved 21 September 2011.
- ↑ Ranjan, Ray. "Education and Child Labour: A Global Perspectiv" (PDF). University of Tasmania SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND FINANCE.
- ↑ "Education as an intervention strategy to eliminate and prevent child labour" (PDF). International Labour Organisation. Retrieved 21 September 2011.
- ↑ "Child Rights Protection Forum (CRPF)".
- ↑ "Strategy".
- ↑ Stefanovi, Ana. "Children's Rights in European Union Development Policy" (PDF). University of Pavia.
- ↑ "Education Action" (PDF). Actionaid.
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