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The Treaty of Waitangi, sometimes referred to as Te Tiriti, is a document of central importance to the history of New Zealand, its constitution, and its national mythos. It has played a major role in the treatment of the Māori people in New Zealand by successive governments and the wider population, something that has been especially prominent from the late 20th century. The treaty document is an agreement, not a treaty as recognised in international law. It was first signed on 6 February 1840 by Captain William Hobson as consul for the British Crown and by Māori chiefs from the North Island of New Zealand. The treaty's quasi-legal status satisfies the demands of biculturalism in contemporary New Zealand society. In general terms, it is interpreted today as having established a partnership between equals in a way the Crown likely did not intend it to in 1840. Specifically, the treaty is seen, first, as entitling Māori to enjoyment of land and of natural resources and, if that right were ever breached, to restitution. Second, the treaty's quasi-legal status has clouded the question of whether Māori had ceded sovereignty to the Crown in 1840, and if so, whether such sovereignty remains intact.
Waitangi Day, the national day of New Zealand, marks the anniversary of the initial signing—on 6 February 1840—of the Treaty of Waitangi. The Treaty of Waitangi was an agreement towards British sovereignty by representatives of the Crown and indigenous Māori chiefs, and so is regarded by many as the founding document of the nation.
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Waka hurdling, also sometimes called waka peke, is a Māori sporting competition of jumping unornamented waka tīwai over wooden beams set in the water. There have been attempts to revive the sport and keep the tradition going. The Auckland Museum has a photograph of the sport and spectators. The hurdles are made of long tree branches. Albert Percy Godber photographed the sport in 1910. The competition is part of the festivities of traditional Māori regattas.
Patu! is a 1983 New Zealand documentary film directed by Merata Mita about the controversial 1981 Springbok tour. It follows the inner workings of the campaign against the tour, and captures scenes of violent conflict between police and protesters. It is a significant work of activist and indigenous filmmaking, and of New Zealand filmmaking in general.
References
- ↑ "New Zealand International Film Festival: Mana Waka" – via www.nziff.co.nz.
- 1 2 "Mita's troubled waters (1989 interview)". The New Zealand Herald. 21 December 1989. Archived from the original on 7 January 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2020.
- ↑ "Ceremonial War Canoe".
- ↑ "Tūrangawaewae Regatta celebrates revitalisation in its 123rd year". Stuff. 12 March 2018.
- ↑ Kelly, Emma (2014). "A critical examination of film archiving and curatorial practices in Aotearoa New Zealand through the life and work of Jonathan Dennis" (PDF). Retrieved 29 August 2020.
- ↑ "Fight for treasured film of Princess Te Puea". Māori Television.
- ↑ Calder, Peter (15 July 2011). "Watching Brief: Mana Waka's triumphant return" – via www.nzherald.co.nz.
- ↑ "Memory of the world: national cinematic heritage". UNESCO. p. 45.