The Manifesto Project Database (MPD) is the full database of political manifestos as well as election performance compiled by the Manifesto Research on Political Representation (MARPOR) project (MARPOR), formerly known as the Manifesto Research Group/Comparative Manifestos Project (MRG/CMP). [1] It is maintained on the website of the Social Science Research Center Berlin in Germany. It claims to be based on "quantitative content analyses of parties’ election programmes from more than 50 countries covering all free, democratic elections since 1945." [1]
The Manifesto Project Database grew out of the work of the Manifesto Research Group/Comparative Manifestos Project (MRG/CMP), started before 2003. In 2003, Hans-Dieter Klingemann of Social Science Research Center Berlin received the American Political Science Association's Lijphart/Przeworski/Verba Data Set Award for the project. [1] [2] Since October 2009, the Manifesto Project has been financed by a long-term funding grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) to the Manifesto Research on Political Representation (MARPOR) project to update and make available manifesto texts and content-analytical data to the scientific community. [1]
The Manifesto Project can be considered one of the most widely used and influential comparative datasets in political science; its importance was recognized in 2003 by the Lijphart/Przeworski/Verba Data Set Award of the American Political Science Association for best data set in political science. [3] There has been considerable academic research identifying potential problems with using the Manifesto Project Database (also referred to in the literature as the Comparative Manifestos Project) and ways to correct for it. [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] Data from the Manifesto Project Database has been referenced in research on the policy preferences of voters. [9] [10]
Accountability, in terms of ethics and governance, is equated with answerability, culpability, liability, and the expectation of account-giving.
A case study is an in-depth, detailed examination of a particular case within a real-world context. For example, case studies in medicine may focus on an individual patient or ailment; case studies in business might cover a particular firm's strategy or a broader market; similarly, case studies in politics can range from a narrow happening over time like the operations of a specific political campaign, to an enormous undertaking like world war, or more often the policy analysis of real-world problems affecting multiple stakeholders.
A political campaign is an organized effort which seeks to influence the decision making progress within a specific group. In democracies, political campaigns often refer to electoral campaigns, by which representatives are chosen or referendums are decided. In modern politics, the most high-profile political campaigns are focused on general elections and candidates for head of state or head of government, often a president or prime minister.
Arend d'Angremond Lijphart is a Dutch-American political scientist specializing in comparative politics, elections and voting systems, democratic institutions, and ethnicity and politics. He is Research Professor Emeritus of Political Science at the University of California, San Diego. He is influential for his work on consociational democracy and his contribution to the new Institutionalism in political science.
Consociationalism is a form of democratic power sharing. Political scientists define a consociational state as one which has major internal divisions along ethnic, religious, or linguistic lines, but which remains stable due to consultation among the elites of these groups. Consociational states are often contrasted with states with majoritarian electoral systems.
Comparative politics is a field in political science characterized either by the use of the comparative method or other empirical methods to explore politics both within and between countries. Substantively, this can include questions relating to political institutions, political behavior, conflict, and the causes and consequences of economic development. When applied to specific fields of study, comparative politics may be referred to by other names, such as comparative government.
Political representation is the activity of making citizens "present" in public policy-making processes when political actors act in the best interest of citizens according to Hanna Pitkin's Concept of Representation (1967).
Seymour Martin Lipset was an American sociologist and political scientist. His major work was in the fields of political sociology, trade union organization, social stratification, public opinion, and the sociology of intellectual life. He also wrote extensively about the conditions for democracy in comparative perspective. He was president of both the American Political Science Association (1979–1980) and the American Sociological Association (1992–1993). A socialist in his early life, Lipset later moved to the right, and was considered to be one of the first neoconservatives.
Adam Przeworski is a Polish-American professor of political science specializing in comparative politics. He is Carroll and Milton Professor Emeritus in the Department of Politics of New York University. He is a scholar of democratic societies, theory of democracy, social democracy and political economy, as well as an early proponent of rational choice theory in political science.
Freedom in the World is a yearly survey and report by the U.S.-based non-governmental organization Freedom House that measures the degree of civil liberties and political rights in every nation and significant related and disputed territories around the world.
Manfred G. Schmidt is a German political scientist. He is professor of political science at the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of the University of Heidelberg.
Cornelis Wilhelmus Maria Antonia (Kees) Aarts is a Dutch political scientist and Professor of Political Science at the Department of Public Administration (PA) of the University of Twente, particularly known for his work on comparative electoral behavior.
Democracy-Dictatorship (DD), index of democracy and dictatorship or simply the DD index or the DD datasets was the binary measure of democracy and dictatorship first proposed by Adam Przeworski et al. (2010), and further developed and maintained by Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland (2009). Note that the most recent dataset was updated 2008.
Myron Kent Jennings is an American political scientist best known for his path-breaking work on the patterns and development of political preferences and behaviors among young Americans. He is widely held in libraries worldwide and is recognized as one of the "founding fathers" of political socialization research and theory. He is Distinguished Professor of Political Science at the University of California, Santa Barbara and Professor Emeritus of Political Science at the University of Michigan. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1982, and served as the president of the International Society of Political Psychology in 1989–1990 and as the president of the American Political Science Association in 1997–1998.
The Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES) is a collaborative research project among national election studies around the world. Participating countries and polities include a common module of survey questions in their national post-election studies. The resulting data are collated together along with voting, demographic, district and macro variables into one dataset allowing comparative analysis of voting behavior from a multilevel perspective.
Henry Eugene Brady is an American political scientist specializing in methodology and its application in a diverse array of political fields. He was Dean of the Goldman School of Public Policy at University of California, Berkeley from 2009–2021 and holds the Class of 1941 Monroe Deutsch Professor of Political Science and Public Policy. He was elected President of the American Political Science Association, 2009–2010, giving a presidential address entitled "The Art of Political Science: Spatial Diagrams as Iconic and Revelatory." He has published academic works on diverse topics, co-authoring with colleagues at a variety of institutions and ranks, as well as many solo authored works. His principal areas of research are on political behavior in the United States, Canada, and the former Soviet Union, public policy and methodological work on scaling and dimensional analysis. When he became President of the American Political Science Association, a number of his colleagues and co-authors contributed to his presidential biography entitled "Henry Brady, Big Scientist," discussing his work and the fields to which he has contributed and has also shaped.
Barbara Geddes is an American political scientist. One of the main important theorists of authoritarianism and empirical catalogers of authoritarian regimes, she is currently a Professor Emeritus at the Department of Political Science at the University of California, Los Angeles. Her 2003 book Paradigms and Sand Castles is an influential research design book in comparative politics.
Daniele Caramani is a comparative political scientist.
Karen L. Remmer is an American political scientist, academic, author and researcher. She is a professor emerita of political science at Duke University.
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