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Old English,or Anglo-Saxon,is the earliest recorded form of the English language,spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages. It was brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the mid-5th century,and the first Old English literary works date from the mid-7th century. After the Norman conquest of 1066,English was replaced,for a time,by Anglo-Norman as the language of the upper classes. This is regarded as marking the end of the Old English era,since during this period the English language was heavily influenced by Anglo-Norman,developing into a phase known now as Middle English in England and Early Scots in Scotland.
Scots is an Anglic language variety of the West Germanic language family,spoken in Scotland and parts of Ulster in the north of Ireland. It is sometimes called Lowland Scots or Broad Scots to distinguish it from Scottish Gaelic,the Goidelic Celtic language that was historically restricted to most of the Highlands,the Hebrides and Galloway after the 16th century. Modern Scots is a sister language of Modern English,as the two diverged independently from the same source:Early Middle English (1150–1300).
The Glasgow dialect,popularly known as the Glasgow patter or Glaswegian,varies from Scottish English at one end of a bipolar linguistic continuum,with the local dialect of West Central Scots at the other. Therefore,the speech of many Glaswegians can draw on a "continuum between fully localised and fully standardised". Additionally,the Glasgow dialect has Highland English and Hiberno-English influences owing to the speech of Highlanders and Irish people who migrated in large numbers to the Glasgow area in the 19th and early 20th centuries. While being named for Glasgow,the accent is typical for natives across the full Greater Glasgow area and associated counties such as Lanarkshire,Renfrewshire,Dunbartonshire and parts of Ayrshire,which formerly came under the single authority of Strathclyde. It is most common in working class people,which can lead to stigma from members of other classes or those outside Glasgow.
Scottish English is the set of varieties of the English language spoken in Scotland. The transregional,standardised variety is called Scottish Standard English or Standard Scottish English (SSE). Scottish Standard English may be defined as "the characteristic speech of the professional class [in Scotland] and the accepted norm in schools". IETF language tag for "Scottish Standard English" is en-scotland.
The Dictionary of the Scots Language (DSL) is an online Scots-English dictionary,now run by Scottish Language Dictionaries,a registered charity. Freely available via the Internet,the work comprises the two major dictionaries of the Scots language:
Leroy "Lee" Cronin is the Regius Chair of Chemistry in the School of Chemistry at the University of Glasgow,UK. He was elected to the Fellowship of the Royal Society of Edinburgh,the Royal Society of Chemistry,and appointed to the Regius Chair of Chemistry in 2013.
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The Historical Thesaurus of English (HTE) is the largest thesaurus in the world. It is called a historical thesaurus as it arranges the whole vocabulary of English,from the earliest written records in Old English to the present,according to the first documented occurrence of a word in the entire history of the English language. The HTE was conceived and begun in 1965 by the English Language &Linguistics department of the University of Glasgow,who have ever since continued to compile the thesaurus. From the 1980s onwards the project was moved from paper-based records to a computer database.
The Philip Leverhulme Prize is awarded by the Leverhulme Trust to recognise the achievement of outstanding researchers whose work has already attracted international recognition and whose future career is exceptionally promising. The prize scheme makes up to thirty awards of £100,000 a year,across a range of academic disciplines.
Peter Kenneth Austin,often cited as Peter K. Austin,is an Australian linguist,widely published in the fields of language documentation,syntax,linguistic typology and in particular,endangered languages and language revitalisation. After a long academic career in Australia,Hong Kong,the US,Japan,Germany and the UK,Austin is emeritus professor at SOAS University of London since retiring in December 2018.
Christian Janet Kay was Emeritus Professor of English Language and Honorary Professorial Research Fellow in English Language and Linguistics at the University of Glasgow. She was an editor,with her mentor Michael Samuels,of the world's largest and first historical thesaurus,the Historical Thesaurus of English,first published in 2009 as the Historical Thesaurus of the Oxford English Dictionary (HTOED),a project to which she dedicated 40 years.
A historical dictionary or dictionary on historical principles is a dictionary which deals not only with the latterday meanings of words but also the historical development of their forms and meanings. It may also describe the vocabulary of an earlier stage of a language's development without covering present-day usage at all. A historical dictionary is primarily of interest to scholars of language,but may also be used as a general dictionary.
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Iseabail C. Macleod was a Scottish lexicographer.
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Claire Hardaker is a British linguist. She is senior lecturer at the Department of Linguistics and English Language of Lancaster University,United Kingdom. Her research involves forensic linguistics and corpus linguistics. Her research focuses on deceptive,manipulative,and aggressive language in a range of online data. She has investigated behaviours ranging from trolling and disinformation to human trafficking and online scams. Her research typically uses corpus linguistic methods to approach forensic linguistic analyses.
Robert John Gregg,known as Bob Gregg or R. J. Gregg,was a linguist,a pioneer of the academic study of Ulster-Scots as well as a linguistic authority on Canadian English.
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References
- ↑ Faculty profile, University of Glasgow, retrieved 2020-02-19.
- ↑ "Speed dating is so 17th century — see a marriage huckster instead". The Times. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
- ↑ "University of Glasgow publishes online thesaurus featuring 800,000 words". Evening Times. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
- ↑ "Dictionary spanning 1,000 years of words scoops prize for Glasgow uni". The Scotsman. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
- ↑ "Queen's Anniversary Prizes Website". www.queensanniversaryprizes.org.uk. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
- ↑ "Bonzer, topgallant, splendid, and dandy - praise indeed for university word experts". Glasgow Today. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
- ↑ "UofG Funding for world-class research in the English language". myscience.org. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
- ↑ "Philip Leverhulme prize awarded to University of Glasgow academic". History Scotland. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
- ↑ "Philip Leverhulme Prizes 2019". leverhulme.ac.uk. Retrieved 13 June 2020.
- ↑ "6 November 2015". Today. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
- ↑ "Hansard corpus: Glasgow University website makes two centuries worth of Westminster speeches available online". Independent. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
- ↑ "Skinner told to 'shut up' more than any other MP". The Times. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
- ↑ "UK Parliament Meet the Users". www.parliament.uk. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
- ↑ "SLD's New Convener". scotsdictionaries.org. Retrieved 12 June 2020.