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Maria Bonghi Jovino | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1931 Naples, Italy |
| Title | Professor of Etruscology and Italic Archaeology |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | Archaeology |
| Sub-discipline | Etruscology |
| Institutions | University of Milan |
Maria Bonghi Jovino (born 1931) is an Italian archaeologist. Bonghi Jovino was Professor of Etruscology and Italic Archaeology at the University of Milan. [1]
Her work focuses on pre-Roman Italy, including the Etruscan civilisation and pre-Roman Campania. She has excavated in Campania and Etruria. A major excavation was at Tarquinia, and she has directed excavations at Pompeii (Regio VI, Insula 5). [1] From 1982 she directed excavations at Piano di Civita, an area of public and religious activity. [2]
Bonghi Jovino is a member of the Board of Directors of Istituto Nazionale di Studi Etruschi e Italici, the Accademia di Napoli. She is on the Advisory Committee of the foundation for Faina Museum of Orvieto and is corresponding member of the Deutsches Archäologisches Institut. She was made an honorary citizen of Tarquinia in 2008. [3]
Bonghi Jovino is director of the publication series Capua Preromana.[ citation needed ]
In 2012, the edited volume Interpretando l'antico was dedicated to her. [4]
Etruscan was the language of the Etruscan civilization in the ancient region of Etruria, in Etruria Padana and Etruria Campana in what is now Italy. Etruscan influenced Latin but was eventually completely superseded by it. The Etruscans left around 13,000 inscriptions that have been found so far, only a small minority of which are of significant length; some bilingual inscriptions with texts also in Latin, Greek, or Phoenician; and a few dozen purported loanwords. Attested from 700 BC to AD 50, the relation of Etruscan to other languages has been a source of long-running speculation and study, with it mostly being referred to as one of the Tyrsenian languages, at times as an isolate and a number of other less well-known theories.
Calu is an epithet of the Etruscan chthonic fire god Śuri as god of the underworld, roughly equivalent to the Greek god Hades ; moroeover, as with Hades, this god-name was also used as a synonym for the underworld itself.
Mauro Cristofani was a linguist and researcher in Etruscan studies.
The Villanovan culture, regarded as the earliest phase of the Etruscan civilization, was the earliest Iron Age culture of Italy. It directly followed the Bronze Age Proto-Villanovan culture which branched off from the Urnfield culture of Central Europe. The name derives from the locality of Villanova, a fraction of the municipality of Castenaso in the Metropolitan City of Bologna where, between 1853 and 1855, Giovanni Gozzadini found the remains of a necropolis, bringing to light 193 tombs, of which there were 179 cremations and 14 inhumations.
Mario Torelli was an Italian scholar of Italic archaeology and the culture of the Etruscans. He taught at the University of Perugia.
Massimo Pallottino was an Italian archaeologist specializing in Etruscan civilization and art.
The Cippus Perusinus is a stone tablet (cippus) discovered on the hill of San Marco, in Perugia, Italy, in 1822. The tablet bears 46 lines of incised Etruscan text, about 130 words. The cippus, which seems to have been a border stone, appears to display a text dedicating a legal contract between the Etruscan families of Velthina and Afuna, regarding the sharing or use, including water rights, of a property upon which there was a tomb belonging to the noble Velthinas.
The Fanum Voltumnae was the chief sanctuary of the Etruscans; fanum means a sacred place, a much broader notion than a single temple. Numerous sources refer to a league of the "Twelve Peoples" (lucumonies) of Etruria, formed for religious purposes but evidently having some political functions. The Etruscan league of twelve city-states met annually at the Fanum, located in a place chosen as omphalos, the geographical and spiritual centre of the whole Etruscan nation. Each spring political and religious leaders from the cities would meet to discuss military campaigns and civic affairs and pray to their common gods. Chief amongst these was Voltumna, possibly state god of the Etruria.
Clelia Giacobini was an Italian microbiologist, and also a pioneer of microbiology applied to conservation-restoration.
Poggio Colla is an Etruscan archaeological site located near the town of Vicchio in Tuscany, Italy.
The Rinaldone culture was an Eneolithic culture that spread between the 4th and the 3rd millennium BC in northern and central Lazio, in southern Tuscany and, to a lesser extent, also in Marche and Umbria. It takes its name from the town of Rinaldone, near Montefiascone in the province of Viterbo, northern Lazio.
Rofalco was a fortified late-Etruscan settlement, located about twenty km north of Vulci, at the edge of the Selva del Lamone volcanic plateau. The site controlled the important natural route formed by the valley of the Olpeta stream and contributed to the defense and the organization of the southeastern portion of the ancient territory of Vulci.
Luisa Banti was an Italian archaeologist, art historian, and educator specializing in the Etruscan and Minoan civilizations. Her best known work is Il mondo degli Etruschi. First published in 1960 and translated into several languages, it influenced scholarly opinion for many years and became a classic text.
Lur is an Etruscan underworld deity with not much known history. Lur does not have many depictions but the ones that have been found show the deity as a male. He has been noted to be associated with a prophetic nature, while also bearing oracular and martial characteristics. He has been linked to another deity by the name of Laran, which, it has been suggested, is where Lur derives his name from. The context of the name has been associated with darkness and the underworld. A fifth century vase found near a sanctuary in San Giovenale bears an inscription that translates: "I am Lurs, that of Laran." Another inscription has been found with the spelling lartla, noting relations to a Lar, which gives a label to Lur that describes features of protection. The name may be related to Latin luridus "pale".
Carlo De Simone was an Italian linguist, specialising in Ancient Greek and Latin texts and Etruscan epigraphs. He is best known for his research into Etruscan, Lemnian and Rhaetian languages.
Istituto Nazionale di Studi Etruschi ed Italici is a cultural institution based in Florence, Tuscany, Italy. It was founded in 1925 with the aim of promoting and enhancing in Italy and worldwide studies on the Etruscan civilization and other peoples of ancient Italy.
Guglielmo Maetzke was an Italian archaeologist and etruscologist. A pupil of the Etruscologist Massimo Pallottino, he directed important excavation campaigns in Tuscany, Lazio, Campania and Sardinia.
The Lead Plaque of Magliano, which contains 73 words in the Etruscan language, seems to be a dedicatory text, including as it does many names of mostly underworld deities. It was found in 1882, and dates to the mid 5th century BC. It is now housed in the National Archaeological Museum in Florence.
The Sarcophagus of Laris Pulenas, also known as "The Magistrate," dates from the 2nd or 3rd century BCE. It was discovered in Tarquinia in Italy and is now in the Tarquinia National Museum.
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