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Paul Jozef Crutzen was a Dutch meteorologist and atmospheric chemist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1995 for his work on atmospheric chemistry and specifically for his efforts in studying the formation and decomposition of atmospheric ozone. In addition to studying the ozone layer and climate change, he popularized the term Anthropocene to describe a proposed new epoch in the Quaternary period when human actions have a drastic effect on the Earth. He was also amongst the first few scientists to introduce the idea of a nuclear winter to describe the potential climatic effects stemming from large-scale atmospheric pollution including smoke from forest fires, industrial exhausts, and other sources like oil fires.
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Solar geoengineering, or solar radiation modification (SRM), is a type of climate engineering in which sunlight would be reflected back to outer space to limit or offset human-caused climate change. There are multiple potential approaches, with stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) being the most-studied method, followed by marine cloud brightening (MCB). Other methods have been proposed, including a variety of space-based approaches, but they are generally considered less viable, and are not taken seriously by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. All geoengineering methods can have a rapid cooling effect on atmospheric temperature, but if the intervention were to suddenly stop for any reason, the cooling would soon stop as well. It is estimated that the cooling impact from SAI would cease 1–3 years after the last aerosol injection, while the impact from marine cloud brightening would disappear in just 10 days. Contrastingly, once any carbon dioxide is added to the atmosphere and not removed, its warming impact does not decrease for a century, and some of it will persist for hundreds to thousands of years. As such, solar geoengineering is not a substitute for reducing greenhouse gas emissions but would act as a temporary measure to limit warming while emissions of greenhouse gases are reduced and carbon dioxide is removed.
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References
- 1 2 "Dr. Mark Lawrence appointed scientific director at IASS | Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies". www.iass-potsdam.de. Retrieved 2021-06-02.
- ↑ Bell, Alexandra (May 22, 2012). "Turning point: Mark Lawrence". Nature. 485 (7398): 407. doi: 10.1038/nj7398-407a .
- ↑ "Zwei Dozenten des Fachbereichs Physik, Mathematik und Informatik mit Lehrpreis Rheinland-Pfalz ausgezeichnet". Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
- ↑ "Luftverschmutzung und Klimawandel". Der Tagesspiegel Online (in German). Retrieved 2022-04-21.
- ↑ "German Chancellor appoints new Council for Sustainable Development". 20 January 2023.
- ↑ "Network for Investigating Clean Air Solutions - Himalaya | Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies". www.iass-potsdam.de. Retrieved 2021-06-02.
- ↑ "Nepal and Germany to cooperate on climate change science". Climate & Clean Air Coalition.
- ↑ Magazine, New Spolight. ""It Is Important To Measure Air Pollution" Dr. Lawrence". SpotlightNepal.
- ↑ "European Transdisciplinary Assessment of Climate Engineering (EuTRACE) | Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies". www.iass-potsdam.de (in German). Retrieved 2021-06-02.
- ↑ "European scientists slam geoengineering". www.imeche.org.
- ↑ https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/21525567/EU_TRACE_Final_Report_2015.pdf [ bare URL PDF ]
- ↑ "Organisational structure | Deutsches Klima Konsortium". German Climate Consortium - DKK. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
- ↑ "Climate Engineering in Context 2021 - Advisory Board". CEC '21 - Critical Global Discussions. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
- ↑ "Cell Press: One Earth".
- ↑ "Advanced Sustainable Systems". doi:10.1002/(ISSN)2366-7486.
- ↑ "Board of Advisors | Forum for Climate Engineering Assessment".
- ↑ "Editorial Board – Climanosco".
- ↑ "The Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) · Steering Committee".
