Marquis Cornwallis (1789 ship)

Last updated

Marquis Cornwallis in 1793.jpg
Marquis Cornwallis (1793) by Frans Balthazar Solvyns [1]
History
British-Red-Ensign-1707.svgGreat Britain
NameMarquis Cornwallis
Namesake Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis
OwnerLennox & Co.
BuilderMichael Hogan & Gabriel Gillett, Calcutta [2]
Launched1789, or 1791 [2] [3]
FateLast listed in Lloyd's Register in 1806
General characteristics [4]
Tons burthen586, or 634, [5] or 654, [3] [6] [7] (bm)
Length121 feet 0 inches (36.9 m) (overall); 95 feet 8 inches (29.2 m)
Beam33 feet 11+1⁄2 inches (10.4 m)
Depth of hold17 feet 0 inches (5.2 m)
Complement40 [5]
Armament14 × 6-pounder guns, [5] or 16 × 6-pounder guns [3] [lower-alpha 1]

Marquis Cornwallis was a merchantman built in Calcutta in 1789 or 1791. She made one voyage transporting convicts in 1796 from Ireland to Australia. The voyage was marred by mutiny that resulted in the death of 11 convicts. Marquis Cornwallis then made a voyage for the British East India Company (EIC) as an "extra ship", sailing from India back to Britain.

Contents

Career

Michael Hogan purchased this ship in 1791. Registered as Il Netunno, she traded between India and Europe under the Genoese flag to avoid the East India Company monopoly. In 1794 Hogan registered the ship as Marquis Cornwallis under the British flag. She was admitted to the Registry of Great Britain on 23 September 1794. [7] At that time Perry, Blackwall, measured her. [4]

On 18 April 1795, William Richardson received a letter of marque. [5]

Under Michael Hogan's command, Marquis Cornwallis departed Cork, Ireland on 9 August 1795, and arrived at Port Jackson on 11 February 1796. [6]

When Marquis Cornwallis left Cork she was transporting 163 male and 70 female convicts. She also carried 36 soldiers of the New South Wales Corps, and their families. About a month into the voyage Hogan had to put down a mutiny, with the result that seven convicts and a sergeant, one of the mutineers, died of their injuries, including flogging. Marquis Cornwallis then stayed for almost a month at the Cape, re-provisioning. In all, 11 male convicts died during the course of the voyage. [6]

She departed Port Jackson on 15 May 1796 for Norfolk Island, where Hogan sold his wares. On 18 June Marquis Cornwallis left Norfolk for Madras and Calcutta, having added, with Governor Hunter's permission, four 6-pounder guns and 140 cannonballs that had been salvaged from the wreck of Sirius.

Marquis Cornwallis sailed to Papua New Guinea and New Britain from Norfolk Island via the Coral and the Solomon Sea. Hogan claimed, on 6 July, to have seen a great cloud of black, sulfurous smoke on the north-east coast of Bougainville Island. Although there are no volcanoes at the coordinates Hogan gave, many later charts gave a "Cornwallis volcano" as a landmark. [8] He then passed between Flores and Sumbawa on a route that took Marquis Cornwallis along Java's southern coast.

In India Marquis Cornwallis received a new captain with John Roberts replacing Hogan. She then made a voyage under the auspices of the EIC. She was at Calcutta on 9 December, and at Saugor on 8 January 1797. She reached Madras on 27 January, the Cape on 12 April, and St Helena on 19 May. She arrived at the Downs on 25 July. [4]

Marquis Cornwallis made a second voyage to Australia, carrying cattle to Sydney from the Cape of Good Hope. She arrived in Sydney in October 1798.

Lloyd's Register for 1799 shows Marquis Cornwallis under the ownership of Lennox & Co., with C. Mullion as master. Her trade is listed as London-India. This entry continue essentially unchanged through 1806. She leaves the records thereafter.

Notes

  1. ↑ Marquis Cornwallis was pierced for 30 guns, with five ports on her middle deck and ten on her upper deck. [4]

Citations

  1. ↑ "Item 02: [Portrait of Il Netunno, later Marquis Cornwallis, under sail / oil painting by] F.B. Solvyns, 1793". State Library of NSW.
  2. 1 2 Hackman (2001), p. 237.
  3. 1 2 3 Lloyd's Register (1799).
  4. 1 2 3 4 British Library: Marquis Cornwallis (1).
  5. 1 2 3 4 Letter of Marque, 1793-1815; p.75 Archived 2015-07-09 at the Wayback Machine
  6. 1 2 3 Bateson (1959), pp. 131–4.
  7. 1 2 House of Commons (1814), p. 86.
  8. ↑ Johnson (2013), 29.

Related Research Articles

<i>Surprize</i> (1780 ship)

Surprize was a three-deck merchant vessel launched in 1780 that made five voyages as a packet ship under charter to the British East India Company (EIC). She also participated in the notorious Second Fleet, transporting convicts to Port Jackson. A French frigate captured her in the Bay of Bengal in 1799.

Tellicherry was a two-decker ship built on the Thames in 1796 in England for John St Barbe, a wealthy merchant and ship owner. She made four voyages as an "extra ship" for the East India Company. Later, she made one trip to Australia transporting convicts. She was wrecked in 1806 in the Philippines.

Atlantic was launched in 1783. She made one voyage from England to Australia in 1791 carrying convicts. Later, she made one voyage for the East India Company (EIC). Subsequently she sailed to Smyrna, Surinam, and Gibraltar, before she disappeared from records in 1810.

<i>Fortitude</i> (1780 EIC ship)

Fortitude was a merchant vessel built in 1780 on the River Thames. A French frigate captured her in 1782 while she was on the return leg of her maiden voyage to India as an East Indiaman for the British East India Company (EIC). However, the British recaptured her in October 1782. The EIC purchased her and sent her back to England. There, in 1785, George Macartney Macauley purchased her and renamed her Pitt. She then performed five voyages for the British East India Company (EIC) between 1786 and 1798. In between, she made one journey transporting convicts from England to New South Wales. She was broken up in 1801.

Royal Admiral was an East Indiaman, launched in 1777 on the River Thames. She made eight trips for the East India Company (EIC) before she was sold. She then continued to trade. She made two trips carrying convicts from England to Australia, one as an East Indiaman in 1791, and a second in 1800. On this second voyage as a convict transport she was present at a notable naval action.

Britannia was launched in 1774 at Bombay. She was the focus of a protest against the Tea Act in Charleston, South Carolina in 1774. In 1796 she transported convicts from Ireland to Australia. This voyage was noteworthy for her captain's cruelty, for which he was tried but not sanctioned. She then sailed to China to pick up a cargo for the East India Company. On the way she visited or saw four islands in the present-day Marshall Islands. She remained employed in the services of the East India Company (EIC) until 1799. She then traded with India for a number of years, twice taking cargoes back to England for the EIC. Between 1808 and 1809 she was a whaler in the South Seas Fishery.

Barwell was a merchantman launched in 1782. She made six voyages for the British East India Company (EIC). She then left the EIC's service but continued to sail. She made one voyage transporting convicts in 1797 from England to Australia. She was last listed in 1807.

Minerva was a merchantman launched in 1773 in the East Indies. She traded there for more than 20 years before she made three voyages for the British East India Company (EIC). The first EIC voyage was from 1796 to 1798. In 1799, she transported convicts from Ireland to Australia while under charter to the EIC. From Australia she sailed to Bengal, and then back to Britain. She underwent repairs in 1802 and then traveled to St Helena and Bengal for the EIC. She was lost in 1805 or 1806 under circumstances that are currently unclear.

Friendship was a three-decker merchantman, launched in 1793. She made three voyages for the British East India Company (EIC). During her first voyage, in 1796, a French privateer captured her, but the Royal Navy recaptured her. On the second, in 1799, she transported convicts from Ireland to Australia. She made a second voyage transporting convicts in 1817-18. On her way back she was broken up in 1819 at Mauritius after having been found unseaworthy.

<i>Earl Cornwallis</i> (1783 ship)

Earl Cornwallis was a three-decker East Indiaman launched in 1783 on the River Thames. She made seven voyages for the British East India Company (EIC). She then made one voyage transporting convicts from England to New South Wales. By 1809, she was no longer listed.

Baring was a three-decker East Indiaman that made six voyages to India for the British East India Company (EIC) between 1802 and 1814. Her owners then sold her and under new owners she made two voyages transporting convicts to Australia. Her last appearance in Lloyd's Register is in 1820.

Guildford was a two-decker merchant ship launched in 1810. She transported convicts to New South Wales. Of her eight voyages delivering convicts, for three she was under charter to the British East India Company (EIC). She underwent major repairs in 1819, her hull was sheathed in copper in 1822; in 1825 she received new wales, top sides and deck, the copper was repaired and other repairs. Guildford was lost without a trace in 1831.

Albion was a sailing ship of two decks and three masts, built at Bristol, England, and launched in 1813. She made three voyages transporting convicts to Van Diemen's Land and New South Wales. She also traded with Jamaica, India, and Quebec. For two of the voyages to India she was an "extra" ship to the British East India Company (EIC).

Princess Royal was launched at Great Yarmouth in September 1794 and for the next three years traded with the West Indies. She made one voyage for the British East India Company (EIC) in 1797-8. On her return she resumed general trading. In 1822 and again in 1829 she transported convicts to New South Wales. She was last listed in Lloyd's Register in 1834.

Tottenham was launched in 1802 and made six voyages for the British East India Company (EIC). Her owners then sold her and she became a transport. She made one voyage transporting convicts to Botany Bay. She was sold in 1820 for breaking up.

Ocean was launched in 1802 at Quebec. She made five voyages under charter to the British East India Company (EIC) between 1804 and 1814. Her owners then sold her and she continued to sail between Britain and India under a license issued by the EIC. In 1815–1816 she made one voyage transporting convicts to Australia. She was last listed in 1825.

<i>Maitland</i> (1811 ship)

Maitland was launched at Calcutta in 1811. She made four voyages for the British East India Company (EIC) between 1812 and 1830. She also made three voyages transporting convicts to Australia between 1840 and 1846. Thereafter she traded widely before she was wrecked c.1869.

Susan was launched at Calcutta in 1813. She initially traded in the East Indies as a country ship, and with Britain under license from the British East India Company (EIC). Between 1829 and 1831 she made two voyages for the EIC. Then between 1834 and 1836 she made four voyages transporting convicts, two to New South Wales, and two to Tasmania. She foundered in 1846 as she was sailing between London and the Cape of Good Hope.

Boyne was launched at Calcutta in 1807. In 1809 she sailed to England. She was sold to the Danes, but by 1811 was under English ownership under the name Moffat. She then made seven voyages as a "regular ship" for the British East India Company (EIC). After the EIC exited its maritime activities in 1833–34, Moffat made four voyages transporting convicts to Australia: one voyage to Port Jackson and three to Van Diemen's Land. She also made at least one voyage carrying immigrants to South Australia, and later regularly traded between Liverpool and Bombay. She was last listed in 1856.

<i>Fairlie</i> (1810 ship)

Fairlie was launched at Calcutta in 1810 and sailed to England. There she became a regular ship for the British East India Company (EIC). Including her voyage to England, she made four voyages for the EIC. From around 1821 on she became a Free Trader, continuing to trade with India under a license from the EIC. She also made two voyages transporting convicts to New South Wales (1834), and Tasmania (1852). She made several voyages carrying immigrants to South Australia, New South Wales, and British Guiana. She foundered in November 1865.

References

See also

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.