Related Research Articles
The diagnostic category pervasive developmental disorders (PDD), as opposed to specific developmental disorders (SDD), was a group of disorders characterized by delays in the development of multiple basic functions including socialization and communication. It was defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD).
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to autism:
Éric Fombonne, MD, FRCP, is a French psychiatrist and epidemiologist based in Montreal.
Thiomersal is a mercury compound which is used as a preservative in some vaccines. Anti-vaccination activists promoting the incorrect claim that vaccination causes autism have asserted that the mercury in thiomersal is the cause. There is no scientific evidence to support this claim. The idea that thiomersal in vaccines might have detrimental effects originated with anti-vaccination activists and was sustained by them and especially through the action of plaintiffs' lawyers.
The epidemiology of autism is the study of the incidence and distribution of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). A 2022 systematic review of global prevalence of autism spectrum disorders found a median prevalence of 1% in children in studies published from 2012 to 2021, with a trend of increasing prevalence over time. However, the study's 1% figure may reflect an underestimate of prevalence in low- and middle-income countries.
Brian S. Hooker is a biologist and chemist at Simpson University. He is known for promoting the claim that vaccines cause autism.
Muteness or mutism is defined as an absence of speech while conserving or maintaining the ability to hear the speech of others. Mutism is typically understood as a person's inability to speak, and commonly observed by their family members, caregivers, teachers, doctors or speech and language pathologists. It may not be a permanent condition, as muteness can be caused or manifest due to several different phenomena, such as physiological injury, illness, medical side effects, psychological trauma, developmental disorders, or neurological disorders. A specific physical disability or communication disorder can be more easily diagnosed. Loss of previously normal speech (aphasia) can be due to accidents, disease, or surgical complication; it is rarely for psychological reasons.
Susan Swedo is a researcher in the field of pediatrics and neuropsychiatry. Beginning in 1998, she was Chief of the Pediatrics & Developmental Neuroscience Branch at the US National Institute of Mental Health. In 1994, Swedo was lead author on a paper describing pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS), a controversial hypothesis proposing a link between Group A streptococcal infection in children and some rapid-onset cases of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) or tic disorders such as Tourette syndrome. Swedo retired from the NIH in 2019, and serves on the PANDAS Physician Network.
Edwin Trevathan, an American child neurologist, pediatrician, epidemiologist, is the Amos Christie Chair in Global Health, Professor of Pediatrics and Neurology and Director of the Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center. He previously served as executive vice president and provost at Baylor University, following his work at the Saint Louis University College for Public Health and Social Justice, where he was dean and professor of epidemiology, pediatrics, and neurology. Previously he was director of the National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia. Before joining CDC in 2007, Trevathan was professor of neurology and pediatrics, as well as director of the Division of Pediatric & Developmental Neurology, at Washington University School of Medicine and was neurologist-in-chief at St. Louis Children's Hospital.
Ami Klin is an American psychologist who studies autism. He is the first chief of autism and related disorders at the Marcus Autism Center, a wholly owned subsidiary of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta. Klin will also be a Georgia Research Alliance Eminent Scholar at Emory University and director of the Division of Autism and Related Developmental Disabilities in the Department of Pediatrics at the Emory University School of Medicine.
Global developmental delay is an umbrella term used when children are significantly delayed in their cognitive and physical development. It can be diagnosed when a child is delayed in one or more milestones, categorised into motor skills, speech, cognitive skills, and social and emotional development. There is usually a specific condition which causes this delay, such as Fragile X syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities. However, it is sometimes difficult to identify this underlying condition.
Autism, formally called autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and autism spectrum condition (ASC), is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and social interaction, and repetitive or restricted patterns of behaviors, interests, or activities, which can include hyper- and hyporeactivity to sensory input. Autism is a spectrum disorder, meaning that it can manifest very differently in each person. For example, some are nonspeaking, while others have proficient spoken language. Because of this, there is wide variation in the support needs of people across the autism spectrum.
Dr. José F. Cordero is a pediatrician, epidemiologist, teratologist, Head of the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the University of Georgia's College of Public Health, and former Dean of the Graduate School of Public Health at the University of Puerto Rico. Cordero was an Assistant Surgeon General of the United States Public Health Service and the founding director of the National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities (NCBDDD) at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia. In 2017, Cordero was awarded the Sedgwick Memorial Medal from the American Public Health Association.
Frank DeStefano FACPM is a medical epidemiologist and researcher at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, where he is director of the Immunization Safety Office.
Walter A. Orenstein is the former director of the United States' National Immunization Program, a post he held from May 1993 to January 2004.
Helen Tager-Flusberg, Ph.D., is a professor in the Department of Psychological and Brain Science at Boston University and the Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology and Pediatrics at Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM). She is the Director of the Center for Autism Research Excellence at Boston University.
Wendy K. Chung is an American clinical and molecular geneticist and physician. She currently directs the clinical genetics program at NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital / Columbia University Medical Center in New York City and serves as the Kennedy Family Professor of Pediatrics. She is the author of 600 peer-reviewed articles and 75 chapters and has won several awards as a physician, researcher, and professor. Chung helped to initiate a new form of newborn screening for spinal muscular atrophy which is used nationally and was among the plaintiffs in the Supreme Court case which banned gene patenting.
Alcohol use in pregnancy includes use of alcohol at any time during gestation, including the time before a mother-to-be is aware that she is pregnant. Alcohol use at some point during pregnancy is common and appears to be rising in prevalence.
Michael John Klag is an American internist and epidemiologist. For eight years, he was the Director of the Division of General Internal Medicine and was the first Vice Dean for Clinical Investigation at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine.
Dr. Debra Houry is an American physician. She is the Chief Medical Officer and Deputy Director for Program and Science of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). She previously served as the acting Principal Deputy Director (2021-2023) and the Director of the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (2014-2021).
References
- ↑ "Marshalyn Yeargin-Allsopp, MD" (PDF). CDC Website. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
- ↑ "Born to Rebel, Driven to Excel". ETV-South Carolina . Retrieved 22 October 2013.
- 1 2 "Emory Magazine: Autumn 2008: Blazing Trails". Emory.edu. Retrieved 2013-10-22.
- ↑ Advisory Board. "Advisory Board". Reaching for the Stars. Retrieved 2013-10-22.
- ↑ "Marshalyn Yeargin-Allsopp". National Children's Study website. Retrieved 21 October 2013.
- ↑ Johnson, Carla (May 9, 2011). "Study in South Korea finds higher rate of autism". The Washington Times . Retrieved March 19, 2015.
- ↑ "Marshalyn Yeargin-Allsopp". Hunter College. 15 January 2010. Retrieved 27 October 2013.
- ↑ "Arnold J. Capute Award". American Academy of Pediatrics . Retrieved March 19, 2015.
- ↑ "Marshalyn Yeargin-Allsopp, MD" (PDF). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Retrieved March 19, 2015.
- ↑ Cohen, Donald J. (27 February 2006). Developmental Psychopathology, Risk, Disorder, and Adaptation. John Wiley & Sons. p. 324. ISBN 978-0-470-05006-4 . Retrieved March 19, 2015.