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The BurundiNational Defence Force is the state military organisation responsible for the defence of Burundi.
Burundi's relations with its neighbours have often been affected by security concerns. During the Burundian Civil War,hundreds of thousands of Burundian refugees have at various times crossed to neighboring Rwanda,Tanzania,and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Some Burundian rebel groups have used neighboring countries as bases for insurgent activities. The 1993 embargo placed on Burundi by regional states hurt diplomatic relations with its neighbors;relations have improved since the 1999 suspension of these sanctions.
Burundi originated in the 16th century as a small kingdom in the African Great Lakes region. After European contact,it was united with the Kingdom of Rwanda,becoming the colony of Ruanda-Urundi - first colonised by Germany and then by Belgium. The colony gained independence in 1962,and split once again into Rwanda and Burundi. It is one of the few countries in Africa to be a direct territorial continuation of a pre-colonial era African state.
Bujumbura,formerly Usumbura,is the economic capital,largest city and main port of Burundi. It ships most of the country's chief export,coffee,as well as cotton and tin ore. Bujumbura was formerly the country's political capital. In late December 2018,Burundian president Pierre Nkurunziza announced that he would follow through on a 2007 promise to return Gitega its former political capital status,with Bujumbura remaining as economical capital and center of commerce. A vote in the Parliament of Burundi made the change official on 16 January 2019,with all branches of government expected to move to Gitega within three years.
Burundi is divided into eighteen provinces,each named after their respective capital with the exception of Bujumbura Rural.
Bujumbura Mairie Province is one of the eighteen provinces of Burundi. It consists entirely of the city of Bujumbura,Burundi's former capital.
The position of vice-president of the Republic of Burundi was created in June 1998,when a transitional constitution went into effect. It replaced the post of Prime Minister.
Marguerite (Maggie) Barankitse is a Burundian humanitarian activist who works to improve the welfare of children and challenge ethnic discrimination in Burundi. After rescuing 25 children from a massacre,she was forced to witness the conflicts between the Hutu and Tutsi in her country in 1993. She established Maison Shalom,a shelter that provided access to healthcare,education,and culture to over 20,000 orphan children in need. Because she protested against a third term for President Pierre Nkurunziza,she lives in exile.
Gérard Prunier is a French academic,historian,and consultant. He specializes in African history and affairs —particularly the Horn of Africa and the African Great Lakes regions.
The Supreme Court is the highest civil and criminal court in Burundi. It has nine members,including the Court President,who are nominated by the Judicial Service Commission and appointed by the President of the Republic after the approval of the Senate. The court's president is referred to as the Chief Justice.
Burundi,officially the Republic of Burundi,is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley at the junction between the African Great Lakes region and Southeast Africa,with population of over 14 million people. It is bordered by Rwanda to the north,Tanzania to the east and southeast,and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west;Lake Tanganyika lies along its southwestern border. The capital city is Gitega and the largest city is Bujumbura.
The Community of Saint Martin is a public association of clerics according to pontifical law,gathering Roman Catholic priests and deacons. It was founded in 1976 by Father Jean-François Guérin,a priest from the Archdiocese of Tours (France),under the protection of Cardinal Giuseppe Siri,Archbishop of Genoa (Italy). The community focuses on more traditional and reverent aspects of the liturgy,with its priests wearing cassocks and offering Novus Ordo Mass often in Latin,with Gregorian chant and ad orientem.
The Burundi women's national football team,nicknamed the Swallows,represents Burundi in women's international football competitions. The team has competed since 2016 in matches recognised by FIFA,the sport's international governing body. A senior national team has been continually inactive,but an under-20 team has played in numerous matches. Further development of football in the country faces challenges found across Africa,including inequality and limited access to education for women. A women's football programme did not exist in Burundi until 2000,and only 455 players had registered for participation on the national level by 2006.
The Constitutional Court is the supreme authority on Burundi's constitutional law. The Constitutional Court deals with the interpretation of the Constitution of 2005 and is considered the country's second highest court. In conjunction with the Burundian Supreme Court,the Constitutional Court can sit en banc as a High Court of Justice with special prerogatives,such as the power to try an incumbent president. It sits at Bujumbura and its incumbent president is Charles Ndagijimana.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Bujumbura,Burundi.
Yézoumi Akogo is an agricultural scientist from Togo,who attended the National University of Benin. Her research examines the in vitro propagation of plants utilised in market gardening,tubers and medicinal plants. In 2000,she was awarded a L’Oréal-UNESCO Women in Science Fellowship,which enables recipients to fund field research. Akogo has worked on the in vitro propagation of okra,as well as models for experimental plant morphogenesis.
Bertille Marcos Guèdègbé is a Beninese agricultural engineer and entrepreneur. She is President of the Cooperative of Benin's Pineapple Producers,Exporters,and Processors.
Resistance for Rule of Law in Burundi is a Burundian rebel militia that was formed in 2015 in the wake of the political crisis in the country. The group opposes the political control of the National Council for the Defense of Democracy –Forces for the Defense of Democracy and former president Pierre Nkurunziza and is allied with a number of other opposition groups,including the Popular Forces of Burundi.
References
- ↑ https://docplayer.fr/storage/58/42113386/42113386.pdf
- ↑ "RAPPORT DE L ATELIER DE DISSEMINATION DES RESULTATS DE L ETUDE DIAGNOSTIQUE SUR LA GOUVERNANCE ET LA CORRUPTION AU BURUNDI - PDF Free Download". docplayer.fr. Retrieved 2024-01-04.
- ↑ Iranzi, Fabrice (2018-11-23). "23RD NOVEMBR MARTIN NIVYABANDI". RegionWeek. Retrieved 2024-01-04.
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