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The BurundiNational Defence Force is the state military organisation responsible for the defence of Burundi.
Burundi's relations with its neighbours have often been affected by security concerns. Hundreds of thousands of Burundian refugees have at various times crossed to neighboring Rwanda,Tanzania,and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Hundreds of thousands of Burundians are in neighboring countries as a result of the ongoing civil war. Most of them,more than 340,000 since 1993,are in Tanzania. Some Burundian rebel groups have used neighboring countries as bases for insurgent activities. The 1993 embargo placed on Burundi by regional states hurt diplomatic relations with its neighbors;relations have improved since the 1999 suspension of these sanctions.
Bujumbura,formerly Usumbura,is the economic capital,largest city and main port of Burundi. It ships most of the country's chief export,coffee,as well as cotton and tin ore. Bujumbura was formerly the country's normal capital. In late December 2018,Burundian president Pierre Nkurunziza announced that he would follow through on a 2007 promise to return Gitega its former political capital status,with Bujumbura remaining as economical capital and center of commerce. A vote in the Parliament of Burundi made the change official on 16 January 2019,with all branches of government expected to move to Gitega within three years.
Lacq is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in southwestern France. On 1 January 2024,the former commune of Urdès was merged into Lacq.
The position of vice-president of the Republic of Burundi was created in June 1998,when a transitional constitution went into effect. It replaced the post of Prime Minister.
The Supreme Court is the highest civil and criminal court in Burundi. It has nine members,including the Court President,who are nominated by the Judicial Service Commission and appointed by the President of the Republic after the approval of the Senate. The court's president is referred to as the Chief Justice.
Commeny is a commune in the Val-d'Oise department in Île-de-France in northern France. On 1 January 2024,the former commune of Gouzangrez was merged into Commeny.
The Community of Saint Martin is a public association of clerics according to pontifical law,gathering Roman Catholic priests and deacons. It was founded in 1976 by Father Jean-François Guérin,a priest from the Archdiocese of Tours (France),under the protection of Cardinal Giuseppe Siri,Archbishop of Genoa (Italy). The community focuses on more traditional and reverent aspects of the liturgy,with its priests wearing cassocks and offering Novus Ordo Mass often in Latin,with Gregorian chant and ad orientem.
Paris Métro Line 15 is one of four new lines of Grand Paris Express,a major expansion project of the Paris Métro. Currently under construction,the line will provide a new orbital route through the suburbs of Paris,servicing the departments of Hauts-de-Seine,Val-de-Marne and Seine-Saint-Denis. The southern section of the line is planned to open in 2025,with the completed line planned to open in the early 2030s. Line 15 will be fully automated,along with all other Grand Paris Express lines,and when completed,it will be the longest underground rapid tunnel for passenger traffic in the world.
The Burundi women's national football team,nicknamed the Swallows,represents Burundi in women's international football competitions. The team has competed since 2016 in matches recognised by FIFA,the sport's international governing body. A senior national team has been continually inactive,but an under-20 team has played in numerous matches. Further development of football in the country faces challenges found across Africa,including inequality and limited access to education for women. A women's football programme did not exist in Burundi until 2000,and only 455 players had registered for participation on the national level by 2006.
The Constitutional Court is the supreme authority on Burundi's constitutional law. The Constitutional Court deals with the interpretation of the Constitution of 2005 and is considered the country's second highest court. In conjunction with the Burundian Supreme Court,the Constitutional Court can sit en banc as a High Court of Justice with special prerogatives,such as the power to try an incumbent president. It sits at Bujumbura and its incumbent president is Charles Ndagijimana.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Bujumbura,Burundi.
General Évariste Ndayishimiye is a Burundian politician,who has served as President of Burundi since 18 June 2020. He became involved in the rebel National Council for the Defense of Democracy –Forces for the Defense of Democracy during the Burundian Civil War and rose up the ranks of its militia. At the end of the conflict,he entered the Burundian Army and held a number of political offices under the auspices of President Pierre Nkurunziza. Nkurunziza endorsed Ndayishimiye as his successor ahead of the 2020 elections which he won with a large majority.
Yézoumi Akogo is an agricultural scientist from Togo,who attended the National University of Benin. Her research examines the in vitro propagation of plants utilised in market gardening,tubers and medicinal plants. In 2000 she was awarded a L’Oréal-UNESCO Women in Science Fellowship,which enables recipients to fund field research. Akogo has worked on the in vitro propagation of okra,as well as models for experimental plant morphogenesis.
Bertille Marcos Guèdègbé is a Beninese agricultural engineer and entrepreneur. She is President of the Cooperative of Benin's Pineapple Producers,Exporters,and Processors.
Hélène Michel-Wolfromm was a French gynecologist known for her work on the sexual problems encountered by French women.
Jean-Jacques Nyenimigabo is a Burundian politician. He was the former Minister of Youth,Culture and Sports in Burundi,having been appointed to the position in 2010 by the former president of Burundi,Pierre Nkurunziza. His term began on August 30,2010. He is the member of parliament of Mubuga zone.
Moïse Bucumi is a Burundian politician. He was the former Minister of Water,Energy and Minerals in Burundi,having been appointed to the position in 2010 by the former president of Burundi,Pierre Nkurunziza. His term began on August 30,2010.
Emmanuel Gikoro is a Burundian politician. He was the former Minister of Public Health and HIV/Aids fight in Burundi,having been appointed to the position in 2007 by the former president of Burundi,Pierre Nkurunziza. His term began on 14 November 2007.
Resistance for Rule of Law in Burundi is a Burundian rebel militia that was formed in 2015 in the wake of the political crisis in the country.,The group opposes the political control of the National Council for the Defense of Democracy –Forces for the Defense of Democracy and former president Pierre Nkurunziza and is allied with a number of other opposition groups,including the Popular Forces of Burundi.
References
- ↑ https://docplayer.fr/storage/58/42113386/42113386.pdf
- ↑ "RAPPORT DE L ATELIER DE DISSEMINATION DES RESULTATS DE L ETUDE DIAGNOSTIQUE SUR LA GOUVERNANCE ET LA CORRUPTION AU BURUNDI - PDF Free Download". docplayer.fr. Retrieved 2024-01-04.
- ↑ Iranzi, Fabrice (2018-11-23). "23RD NOVEMBR MARTIN NIVYABANDI". RegionWeek. Retrieved 2024-01-04.
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