Mary Bock

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Mary Angela Bock is a journalist and professor of journalism. She is an associate professor of journalism at University of Texas at Austin in the School of Media and Journalism with an expertise in visual communication, citizen journalism and representation.

Contents

Career

Bock attended Drake University for both her BA in communications, received in 1984, and her MA in communications, received in 1986. [1] In 2009, Bock received her PhD from the Annenberg School of Communication of the University of Pennsylvania. [2]

Bock worked for KCCI-TV in Des Moines, Iowa as a reporter and assignment editor from 1982 until 1988. She worked as a field producer and assignment editor at WPVI-TV in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1989 until 2003. [2] [3] She worked at Kutztown University, becoming an associate professor in the Department of Speech and Theatre in 2009. She left Kutztown in 2012 and joined the University of Texas at Austin School of Journalism, becoming an associate professor. [4]

Bock continues to be associated with journalistic associations, including the National Press Photographers Association, the International Communication Association (ICA), the National Communication Association and the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (AEJMC). [5] Bock is the vice-chair of the ICA Visual Communication Studies Division, an organization of scholars who study forms of visual communication. [6]

Research

Bock has published 4 books. Her book, Video Journalism: Beyond the One Man Band, features interviews and field observations of video journalists to understand the role and effect of video journalists on the news. [7] Visual Communication Theory and Research discusses visual communication research in digital media and news, looking at a variety of traditional and new mass media. [8] Content Analysis Reader contains a collection of articles and studies about content analysis research. [9] Seeing Justice: Witnessing, Crime and Punishment in Visual Media analyzes the relationship between law enforcement and media made by video and visual journalism. [10] Bock's book, Visual Communication Theory and Research: A Mass Communication Perspective, co-written with architect Shahira Fahmy and Wayne Wanta, won the National Communication Association's 2015 Outstanding Book Award. [11]

Bock has articles published in the Journal of Visual Literacy, [12] Visual Studies, [13] Women's Studies in Communication, [14] Feminist Media Studies, [15] Visual Communication Quarterly, [16] New Media and Society, [17] Journalism Studies, [18] and Information Communication & Society. [19]

She is also a contributor to the International Encyclopedia of Media Effects, [20] Citizen Journalism: Global Perspectives, [21] and Visual Imagery and Human Rights Practice. [22]

Bock also produced research on beauty standards for women in the public eye, as news anchors on broadcast television, which found that reporters are held to a White standard of beauty and hairstyle is used as a way of enforcing gender and racial stereotypes. [23] Bock's research has been used to analyze the way female news anchors are compared to their male counterparts, [24] and how journalists write about the #MeToo movement. [25] This research has received international attention. [26] Bock's research focuses on visual journalists, photojournalism, and how the American judiciary system is portrayed in the media. [27] Other work involves how video technology and video journalists affect the news and its audience. [28] [29] Bock's research on cop-watching and practices about filming the police have gained media attention as well. [30] Bock has interviewed about how citizens can use video to change the narrative of police encounters. [31]

Works

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Media studies</span> Field of study that deals with media

Media studies is a discipline and field of study that deals with the content, history, and effects of various media; in particular, the mass media. Media Studies may draw on traditions from both the social sciences and the humanities, but mostly from its core disciplines of mass communication, communication, communication sciences, and communication studies.

Agenda setting describes the "ability to influence the importance placed on the topics of the public agenda". The theory suggests that the media has the ability to shape public opinion by determining what issues are given the most attention, and has been widely studied and applied to various forms of media. The study of agenda-setting describes the way media attempts to influence viewers, and establish a hierarchy of news prevalence. Nations judged to be endowed with more political power receive higher media exposure. The agenda-setting by media is driven by the media's bias on things such as politics, economy and culture, etc. The evolution of agenda-setting and laissez-faire components of communication research encouraged a fast pace growth and expansion of these perspectives. Agenda-setting has phases that need to be in a specific order in order for it to succeed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Content analysis</span> Research method for studying documents and communication artifacts

Content analysis is the study of documents and communication artifacts, which might be texts of various formats, pictures, audio or video. Social scientists use content analysis to examine patterns in communication in a replicable and systematic manner. One of the key advantages of using content analysis to analyse social phenomena is their non-invasive nature, in contrast to simulating social experiences or collecting survey answers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Communication studies</span> Academic discipline

Communication studies or communication science is an academic discipline that deals with processes of human communication and behavior, patterns of communication in interpersonal relationships, social interactions and communication in different cultures. Communication is commonly defined as giving, receiving or exchanging ideas, information, signals or messages through appropriate media, enabling individuals or groups to persuade, to seek information, to give information or to express emotions effectively. Communication studies is a social science that uses various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of knowledge that encompasses a range of topics, from face-to-face conversation at a level of individual agency and interaction to social and cultural communication systems at a macro level.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Citizen journalism</span> Journalism genre

Citizen journalism, also known as collaborative media, participatory journalism, democratic journalism, guerrilla journalism or street journalism, is based upon public citizens "playing an active role in the process of collecting, reporting, analyzing, and disseminating news and information." Similarly, Courtney C. Radsch defines citizen journalism "as an alternative and activist form of news gathering and reporting that functions outside mainstream media institutions, often as a response to shortcomings in the professional journalistic field, that uses similar journalistic practices but is driven by different objectives and ideals and relies on alternative sources of legitimacy than traditional or mainstream journalism". Jay Rosen offers a simpler definition: "When the people formerly known as the audience employ the press tools they have in their possession to inform one another." The underlying principle of citizen journalism is that ordinary people, not professional journalists, can be the main creators and distributors of news. Citizen journalism should not be confused with community journalism or civic journalism, both of which are practiced by professional journalists; collaborative journalism, which is the practice of professional and non-professional journalists working together; and social journalism, which denotes a digital publication with a hybrid of professional and non-professional journalism.

Mass communication is the process of imparting and exchanging information through mass media to large population segments. It utilizes various forms of media as technology has made the dissemination of information more efficient. Primary examples of platforms utilized and examined include journalism and advertising. Mass communication, unlike interpersonal communication and organizational communication, focuses on particular resources transmitting information to numerous receivers. The study of mass communication is chiefly concerned with how the content and information that is being mass communicated persuades or affects the behavior, attitude, opinion, or emotion of people receiving the information.

In media studies, mass communication, media psychology, communication theory, and sociology, media influence and themedia effect are topics relating to mass media and media culture's effects on individuals' or audiences' thoughts, attitudes, and behaviors. Through written, televised, or spoken channels, mass media reach large audiences. Mass media's role in shaping modern culture is a central issue for the study of culture.

The Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (AEJMC) is a major international membership organization for academics in the field, offering regional and national conferences and refereed publications. It has numerous membership divisions, interest groups, publications and websites.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gatekeeping (communication)</span> Filtering process in communication

Gatekeeping is the process through which information is filtered for dissemination, whether for publication, broadcasting, the Internet, or some other mode of communication. The academic theory of gatekeeping may be found in multiple fields of study, including communication studies, journalism, political science, and sociology. Gatekeeping originally focused on the mass media with its few-to-many dynamic. Currently, the gatekeeping theory also addresses face-to-face communication and the many-to-many dynamic inherent on the Internet. Social psychologist Kurt Lewin first instituted Gatekeeping theory in 1943. Gatekeeping occurs at all levels of the media structure—from a reporter deciding which sources are presented in a headline story to editors choosing which stories are printed or covered. Including, but not limited to, media outlet owner and advertisers.

S. Robert Lichter is a Professor of Communication at George Mason University, where he directs the Center for Media and Public Affairs, which conducts scientific studies of the news and entertainment media, and formerly directed the Statistical Assessment Service (STATS), which works to improve the quality of statistical and scientific information in the news.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">International Communication Association</span> Academic association

The International Communication Association (ICA) is an academic association for scholars interested in the study, teaching and application of all aspects of human and mediated communication.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Political journalism</span> Political reporter

Political journalism is a broad branch of journalism that includes coverage of all aspects of politics and political science, although the term usually refers specifically to coverage of civil governments and political power.

The School of Communication and Information (SC&I) is a professional school within the New Brunswick Campus of Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. The school was created in 1982 as a result of a merger between the Graduate School of Library and Information Studies, the School of Communication Studies, and the Livingston Department of Urban Journalism. The school has about 2,500 students at the undergraduate, masters, and doctoral levels, and about 60 full-time faculty.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">D. Shelton A. Gunaratne</span> Professor of mass communications (1940–2019)

Dhavalasri Shelton Abeywickreme Gunaratne was a professor of mass communications emeritus affiliated with Minnesota State University Moorhead.

Mediated cross-border communication is a scholarly field in communication studies and refers to any mediated form of communication in the course of which nation state or cultural borders are crossed or even get transgressed and undermined.

Journalistic interventionism "reflects the extent to which journalists pursue a particular mission and promote certain values". Journalists with a high interventionist attitude do not report neutrally and objectively but are engaged in the subjects they are reporting about. An interventionist reporting style aims at influencing public opinion. Moreover, "journalism cultures that follow an interventionist approach may act on behalf of the socially disadvantaged or as mouthpiece of a political party and other groups whose interest are at stake".

Journalism culture is described as a "shared occupational ideology among newsworkers". The term journalism culture spans the cultural diversity of journalistic values, practices and media products or similar media artifacts. Research into the concept of journalism culture sometimes suggests an all-encompassing consensus among journalists "toward a common understanding and cultural identity of journalism."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Multimedia journalism</span> Practice of contemporary journalism

Multimedia journalism is the practice of contemporary journalism that distributes news content either using two or more media formats via the Internet, or disseminating news report via multiple media platforms. First time published as a combination of the mediums by Canadian media mogul, journalist and artist, Good Fridae Mattas in 2003. It is inseparably related to the media convergence of communication technologies, business integration of news industries, and editorial strategies of newsroom management.

T.J. Thomson is a senior lecturer in the School of Communication at the Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane, Australia, and a chief investigator at its Digital Media Research Centre, where he leads its News, Media, and Journalism Research Group. He teaches and researches on visual communication topics, especially media representation, the production and reception of visual journalism, and visual culture. He has been an officer in several national and international societies and has served as the associate editor of Visual Communication Quarterly since 2017.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">To See and Be Seen</span> Book written by T. J. Thomson

To See and Be Seen: The Environments, Interactions and Identities Behind News Images is a scholarly book, written by T. J. Thomson and published in 2019 by Rowman & Littlefield. It is the winner of the National Communication Association’s 2020 Diane S. Hope Book of the Year award. NCA reviewers called the book “a signature achievement in understanding the process of media production and the ethics of photojournalism.”

References

  1. "E-Media Holiday Newsletter 2010" (PDF). Drake University Electronic Media Newsletter. 2010.
  2. 1 2 Ratner, Vic (2012). "A career in the news: A conversation between Mary Angela Bock, Ph.D. (Gr '09) and Vic Ratner (ASC '63)". Annenberg School for Communication.
  3. "Broadcasting May 15" (PDF). Broadcasting Magazine. 15 May 1989.
  4. Bock, Mary Angela. "About Me". Mary Angela Bock.
  5. "Mary Bock". Moody College of Communication Faculty. 11 January 2017.
  6. "Officers". ICA Visual Communication Studies. 7 October 2019.
  7. Ryan, Kathleen (2014). "Book Review: Mary Angela Bock Video journalism: Beyond the one man band". Journalism. 15 (8): 1129–1131. doi:10.1177/1464884914535326. S2CID   146725592.
  8. Huang, Ying (24 June 2015). "Shahira Fahmy, Mary Angela Bock, and Wayne Wanta. Visual Communication Theory and Research: A Mass Communication Perspective". Mass Communication and Society. 19 (2): 216–219. doi:10.1080/15205436.2015.1053618. S2CID   147576875.
  9. Bock, Mary Angela. "Content Analysis Reader". Mary Angela Bock.
  10. Bock, Mary Angela (2021). Seeing Justice. Oxford University Press. ISBN   978-0-19-092697-7.
  11. National Communication Association (17 October 2016). "Visual Communication Division".
  12. Bock, Mary Angela. "Impact of photo manipulation and visual literacy on consumers' responses to persuasive communication". Journal of Visual Literacy. 39: 1–21.
  13. Bock, Mary Angela (2020). "Theorising visual framing: contingency, materiality and ideology". Visual Studies. 35 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1080/1472586X.2020.1715244. S2CID   214576674.
  14. Bock, Mary Angela. "Mediating Misogyny: Gender, Technology, and Harassment". Women's Studies in Communication. 42 (3): 1–2.
  15. Bock, Mary Angela. "The faces of local TV news in America: youth, whiteness, and gender disparities in station publicity photos". Feminist Media Studies. 18 (4): 1–18.
  16. Bock, Mary Angela. "Visual Assertions: Effects of Photo Manipulation and Dual Processing for Food Advertisements". Visual Communication Quarterly. 25 (1): 16–30.
  17. Bock, Mary Angela. "Faith and reason: An analysis of the homologies of Black and Blue Lives Facebook pages". New Media and Society. 20 (5).
  18. Bock, Mary Angela. "Mastering the Mug Shot: Visual journalism and embodied gatekeeping". Journalism Studies. 19 (3): 1–20.
  19. Bock, Mary Angela. "The voice of lived experience: mobile video narratives in the courtroom". Information, Communication & Society. 20 (3): 1–16.
  20. Rossler, Horrner, Zoonen (2017). The International Encyclopedia of Media Effects, 4 Volume. Germany: Wiley. ISBN   9781118783764.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  21. Bock, Mary Angela (2014). Citizen Journalism: Global Perspectives. Peter Lang. pp. 349–360.
  22. Ristovska, Price (2018). Visual Imagery and Human Rights Practice. Springer. pp. 275–297. ISBN   978-3319759876.
  23. Hashempour, Parisa (October 15, 2019). "Why Are All The Men In My Life So Angry About My Short Hair?". Refinery 29.
  24. Goldstein, Jessica (February 2020). "Bringing the hairstyles of Fox to the big screen earned her an Oscar nomination". The Washington Post.
  25. Pilkington, Ed (13 July 2019). "Jeffrey Epstein: how US media – with one star exception – whitewashed the story". The Guardian.
  26. Lebowitz, Shana (2021). "Triste, ingiusto, ma vero: la vostra pettinatura può sabotare la vostra carriera lavorativa".
  27. Bock, Mary Angela (2017). "Research". Mary Angela Bock.
  28. McWilliams, James (June 4, 2018). "PERP WALK POLITICS: THE DOWNSIDES OF THE BLUE CARPET". Pacific Standard Magazine.
  29. Dawson, Adrienne (Feb 28, 2019). "Design, Meet Research". UT News.
  30. van Wagtendonk, Anya (April 10, 2015). "How and why you should record the police". PBS NewsHour .
  31. Henricks, Mark (January 4, 2018). "Antonio Buehler, Cop Watcher". The Progressive.