Mary Rose (1623)

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History
English Red Ensign 1620.svg England
NameMary Rose
Ordered3 February 1623
Builder Deptford Dockyard
Launched1623
CommissionedAugust 1624
FateWrecked in a storm March 1650
General characteristics
Class and type24-gun ship
Tons burthen288.6/384.8 tons bm
Length83 ft 0 in (25.3 m) keel
Beam26 ft 9 in (8.2 m)
Depth of hold13 ft 0 in (4.0 m)
PropulsionSail
Sail plan ship-rigged
Complement120 (1624)
Armament

Mary Rose was a 24-gun ship in the service of the English Navy Royal. After commissioning she mainly served in Home waters. With the outbreak of the English Civil War in 1642 she was in the service of the Parliamentary Forces. She served until wrecked in a storm in March 1650. [1]

Contents

Mary Rose was the third vessel in the English Navy Royal to be given this name, since it was first used for a ship built at Portsmouth in 1509, which was rebuilt in 1536 and capsized during an engagement with the French off the Isle of Wight on 20 July 1545; its second use was for a ship built in 1556 or 1557, which was rebuilt in 1589 and lasted until condemned in 1618.

Construction and specifications

She was built at Deptford Dockyard under the guidance of Master Shipwright William Burrell. She was ordered on 3 February 1623, launched the same year and commissioned in August 1624. Her dimensions were 83 feet 0 inches (25.3 metres) for keel with a breadth of 26 feet 9 inches (8.2 metres) and a depth in hold of 13 feet 0 inches (4.0 metres). Her tonnage was 288.6 tons (tons and tonnage 384.8 tons). [2]

Her gun armament in 1624 was 24 guns consisting of eight demi-culverines, [3] [Note 1] ten sakers, [4] [Note 2] four minions [5] [Note 3] two falcons [6] [Note 4] plus two fowlers. [7] [Note 5] Her manning was around 120 officers and men in 1624. [8]

Commissioned service

Service in the Navy Royal

The Mary Rose was sent to Spain to collect jewels returned to the English ambassador in July 1624. The ship was threatened by a storm during the return voyage. [9] In August 1624, under the command of Captain Thomas Wilbraham, she scoured the coasts of pirates from Dungeness to Portland. In 1625 she was under Lord Wimbledon for the Cadiz expedition. In 1627 Captain Francis Sydenham took over for the expedition to La Rochelle in 1628. In 1635 she had Captain George Carteret as her commander followed by Captain Kenelm Digny for service with Lindsey's Fleet in the English Channel. Captain Jeremy Brett was in command when with the Dutch Fleet in 1636. In 1637 Captain Lewis Kirke was in command followed by Captain Thomas Trenchfield. In 1639 Captain Thomas Price had the command followed by Captain Richard Swanley. In 1642 Captain Robert Fox had command but was dismissed (at the start of the English Civil War). [10]

Service in the English Civil War

Later in 1642 she was with the Parliamentary Naval Force under the command of Captain Henry Bethell. In 1643 Captain Richard Blythe took command then Captain William Somaster in 1644 and finally Captain Phineas Pett during 1645 to 1647. Later in 1647 She was under Captain Thomas Harrison sailing with Warwick's Fleet in September 1648. In 1649 she was under Captain Francis Penrose. [11]

Disposition

Mary Rose was wrecked in a storm off the Flanders coast in March 1650. [12]

Notes

  1. ↑ A demi-culverin was a gun of 3,400 pounds with a four-inch bore firing a 9.5-pound shot with an eight-pound powder charge.
  2. ↑ A sacar or saker was a gun of 1,400 pounds with a 3.5-inch bore firing a 5.5-pound shot with a 5.5-pound powder charge.
  3. ↑ A minion was a gun of 1,000 pounds with a 3.5-inch bore firing a 4-pound shot with a 4-pound powder charge.
  4. ↑ A falcon was a gun of 660 pounds with a 2.5-inch bore firing a 2-pound shot with a 3.5-pound powder charge.
  5. ↑ A fowler was an anti-personnel breech-loading gun that fired either stone or grape shot. the weapon weighed about 5 cwt and the breech weighed another 1 cwt.

Citations

  1. ↑ Winfield
  2. ↑ Winfield
  3. ↑ Lavery, page 101
  4. ↑ Lavery, page 102
  5. ↑ Lavery, page 103
  6. ↑ Lavery, page 103
  7. ↑ Lavery, page 103
  8. ↑ Winfield
  9. ↑ Thomas Birch & Folkestone Williams, Court and Times of James the First, 2 (London: Colburn, 1849), pp. 465, 478.
  10. ↑ Winfield
  11. ↑ Winfield
  12. ↑ Winfield

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References

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