The Medical Artists Association of Great Britain was founded on 2 April 1949 by British medical illustrators Dorothy Davison, [1] Audrey Arnott and Margaret McLarty to act as a professional body for medical artists and to raise the standard of medical art through training, education and examinations. [2] Arnott acted as the association's first Secretary and the first Chairman was D.H. Tompsett, surgeon and later author of Anatomical Techniques, published in 1956.
The association started out as four departments in London, Manchester and Edinburgh and it took students or trainee/assistants during the 1940s and 1950s. [3] By 1962 the association had started its own postgraduate programme to train graduate artists. In 1989, forty years after its foundation, the association received the patronage of the Worshipful Company of Barbers, one of the City of London livery companies, and by the same year students were able to register at a medical school within London University to take a university diploma course. [4] [3]
A year later in 1990, the Association became a limited company continuing to train artists looking for a career in medical illustration. [3] In the 1996, the Association received the Charlotte Holt Bequest created by medical artist Charlotte Holt for the express purpose of training medical artists. [4] This led to the establishment of the Medical Artists' Education Trust (MAET), a charitable organisation tasked with managing the Association's specialist Postgraduate Training Programme.
Today, the Association is the professional body for Medical Artists in the UK with its members possessing specialist skills in art and a deep, if not professional, understanding of medical procedures specifically, but not exclusively, in the area of surgery. [5]
In the medical profession, a general practitioner (GP) or family physician is a physician who treats acute and chronic illnesses and provides preventive care and health education to patients of all ages. GPs' duties are not confined to specific fields of medicine, and they have particular skills in treating people with multiple health issues. They are trained to treat patients to levels of complexity that vary between countries. The term "primary care physician" is more usually used in the US. In Asian countries like India, this term has been replaced mainly by Medical Officers, Registered Medical Practitioner etc.
A Physician Assistant or Physician Associate (PA) is a type of healthcare professional. While these job titles are used internationally, there is significant variation in training and scope of practice from country to country, and sometimes between smaller jurisdictions such as states or provinces. Depending on location, PAs practice semi-autonomously under the supervision of a physician, or autonomously performing a subset of medical services classically provided by physicians.
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Family medicine is a medical specialty within primary care that provides continuing and comprehensive health care for the individual and family across all ages, genders, diseases, and parts of the body. The specialist, who is usually a primary care physician, is named a family physician. It is often referred to as general practice and a practitioner as a general practitioner. Historically, their role was once performed by any doctor with qualifications from a medical school and who works in the community. However, since the 1950s, family medicine / general practice has become a specialty in its own right, with specific training requirements tailored to each country. The names of the specialty emphasize its holistic nature and/or its roots in the family. It is based on knowledge of the patient in the context of the family and the community, focusing on disease prevention and health promotion. According to the World Organization of Family Doctors (WONCA), the aim of family medicine is "promoting personal, comprehensive and continuing care for the individual in the context of the family and the community". The issues of values underlying this practice are usually known as primary care ethics.
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Medical education in the United Kingdom includes educational activities involved in the education and training of medical doctors in the United Kingdom, from entry-level training through to continuing education of qualified specialists. A typical outline of the medical education pathway is presented here. However training schemes vary in different pathways may be available.
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Emergency medical personnel in the United Kingdom are people engaged in the provision of emergency medical services. This includes paramedics, emergency medical technicians and emergency care assistants. 'Paramedic' is a protected title, strictly regulated by the Health and Care Professions Council, although there is tendency for the public to use this term when referring to any member of ambulance staff.
The Medical University of Varna (MU-Varna) is a Bulgarian state school for higher education dedicated to training specialists in the fields of medicine and healthcare who graduate with the educational and qualification degrees of Master, Bachelor and Professional Bachelor. The university has a legal entity status with the following scope of business activities: training of cadres and professional qualification; training of PhD students; postgraduate education for medical and non-medical cadres; conducting medical diagnosis, prevention, consultation, rehabilitation, and expert services at the university hospitals; scientific research and applied sciences; international cooperation in the field of education and science; administrative, social, sport, publishing, information, and other activities.
The Eastman Dental Hospital was based on Gray's Inn Road until it co-located with the University College London ear, nose, throat, balance and hearing services on Huntley Street, London, as the Royal National ENT and Eastman Dental Hospitals in October 2019. The hospital continues to provide specialist dental treatment as well as ear, nose, throat, hearing, speech and balance services and is part of the University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.
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Audrey Juliet Arnott (1901–1974) was a medical illustrator who worked with the neurosurgeon Hugh Cairns at the London Hospital and followed him to Oxford when he was appointed Nuffield Professor of Surgery in 1939. She founded the Medical Artists Association of Great Britain from her home in Wolvercote in 1949.
Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust runs Great Ormond Street Hospital. It is closely associated with University College London (UCL) and in partnership with the UCL Institute of Child Health, which it is located adjacent to, is the largest centre for research and postgraduate teaching in children’s health in Europe. It is part of both the Great Ormond Street Hospital/UCL Institute of Child Health Biomedical Research Centre and the UCL Partners academic health science centre.
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Undergraduate medical education in Nigeria started in 1948 in Ibadan, based wholly on a British curriculum. Since then, medical schools expanded across the country, and medical universities now exist in almost every state, including federal, state and private universities. Medical education in Nigeria is controlled by the National Universities Commission (NUC), and the Medical and Dental Council of Nigeria (MDCN).
Dorothy Davison was a British writer and medical illustrator. She founded the Medical Artists' Association in 1949, and trained many young medical artists in Manchester.