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Hysteria is a term used to mean ungovernable emotional excess and can refer to a temporary state of mind or emotion. In the nineteenth century, female hysteria was considered a diagnosable physical illness in women. It is assumed that the basis for diagnosis operated under the belief that women are predisposed to mental and behavioral conditions; an interpretation of sex-related differences in stress responses. In the twentieth century, it shifted to being considered a mental illness. Many influential people such as Sigmund Freud and Jean-Martin Charcot dedicated research to hysteria patients.
A vegetative state (VS) or post-coma unresponsiveness (PCU) is a disorder of consciousness in which patients with severe brain damage are in a state of partial arousal rather than true awareness. After four weeks in a vegetative state, the patient is classified as being in a persistent vegetative state (PVS). This diagnosis is classified as a permanent vegetative state some months after a non-traumatic brain injury or one year after a traumatic injury. The term unresponsive wakefulness syndrome may be used alternatively, as "vegetative state" has some negative connotations among the public.
A patient is any recipient of health care services that are performed by healthcare professionals. The patient is most often ill or injured and in need of treatment by a physician, nurse, optometrist, dentist, veterinarian, or other health care provider.
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Medicalization is the process by which human conditions and problems come to be defined and treated as medical conditions, and thus become the subject of medical study, diagnosis, prevention, or treatment. Medicalization can be driven by new evidence or hypotheses about conditions; by changing social attitudes or economic considerations; or by the development of new medications or treatments.
Within the National Health Service, resident doctors are qualified medical practitioners working whilst engaged in postgraduate training. The period of being a resident doctor starts when they qualify as a medical practitioner following graduation with a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery degree and start the UK Foundation Programme. It culminates in a post as a consultant, a general practitioner (GP), or becoming a SAS Doctor, such as a specialty doctor or Specialist post.
Ben Michael Goldacre is a British physician, academic and science writer. He is the first Bennett Professor of Evidence-Based Medicine and director of the Bennett Institute for Applied Data Science at the University of Oxford. He is a founder of the AllTrials campaign and OpenTrials, aiming to require open science practices in clinical trials.
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References
- 1 2 "Doctor slang is a dying art". BBC. 18 August 2003. Retrieved 2008-02-05.
- ↑ Peterson C (1998). "Medical slang in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil". Cadernos de Saúde Pública. 14 (4): 671–82. doi: 10.1590/S0102-311X1998000400002 . PMID 9878893.
- ↑ Fox, Adam; Fertleman, Michael; Cahill, Pauline; Palmer, Roger (2003). "Medical Slang in British Hospitals" (PDF). Ethics & Behavior. 13 (2): 173–189. doi:10.1207/s15327019eb1302_04. PMID 15124632 . Retrieved 2015-04-21.
- ↑ Dobson, R. (2003). "Doctors issue warning over misuse of slang". BMJ: British Medical Journal. 327 (7411): 360. PMC 1142506 .