Meta-waveguide

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In photonics, a meta-waveguide is a physical structures that guides electromagnetic waves with engineered functional subwavelength structures. [1] Meta-waveguides are the result of combining the fields of metamaterials and metasurfaces into integrated optics. [2] [3] The design of the subwavelength architecture allows exotic waveguiding phenomena to be explored. [3] [4]

Meta-waveguides can be classified by waveguide platforms or by design methods. [2] If classified by underlying waveguide platform, engineered subwavelength structures can be classified in combination with dielectric waveguides, optical fibers, or plasmonic waveguides. If classified by design methods, meta-waveguides can be classified as either using design primarily by physical intuition, or by computer algorithm based inverse design methods. [1] [5]

Meta-waveguides can provide new degrees of design freedom to the available structural library for optical waveguides in integrated photonics. [1] [3] Advantages can include enhancing the performance of conventional waveguide based integrated optical devices and creating novel device functionalities. [1] [3] Applications of meta-waveguides include beam/polarization splitting, [3] integrated waveguide mode converters, [4] versatile waveguide couplers, [6] lab-on-fiber sensing, [7] nano-optic endoscope imaging, [8] on-chip wavefront shaping, [9] structured-light generations, [10] and optical neural networks. [11] [12] The meta-structures can also be further integrated with van der Waals materials to add more functionalities and reconfigurability. [13] [14]

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Metamaterial</span> Materials engineered to have properties that have not yet been found in nature

A metamaterial is any material engineered to have a property that is not found in naturally occurring materials. They are made from assemblies of multiple elements fashioned from composite materials such as metals and plastics. These materials are usually arranged in repeating patterns, at scales that are smaller than the wavelengths of the phenomena they influence. Metamaterials derive their properties not from the properties of the base materials, but from their newly designed structures. Their precise shape, geometry, size, orientation and arrangement gives them their smart properties capable of manipulating electromagnetic waves: by blocking, absorbing, enhancing, or bending waves, to achieve benefits that go beyond what is possible with conventional materials.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Plasmonics</span>

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References

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  5. ↑ Molesky, Sean; Lin, Zin; Piggott, Alexander Y.; Jin, Weiliang; Vucković, Jelena; Rodriguez, Alejandro W. (November 2018). "Inverse design in nanophotonics". Nature Photonics. 12 (11): 659–670. arXiv: 1801.06715 . doi:10.1038/s41566-018-0246-9. ISSN   1749-4893. S2CID   55105919.
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  7. ↑ Principe, Maria; Consales, Marco; Micco, Alberto; Crescitelli, Alessio; Castaldi, Giuseppe; Esposito, Emanuela; La Ferrara, Vera; Cutolo, Antonello; Galdi, Vincenzo; Cusano, Andrea (March 2017). "Optical fiber meta-tips". Light: Science & Applications. 6 (3): e16226. doi:10.1038/lsa.2016.226. ISSN   2047-7538. PMC   6062173 . PMID   30167235.
  8. ↑ Pahlevaninezhad, Hamid; Khorasaninejad, Mohammadreza; Huang, Yao-Wei; Shi, Zhujun; Hariri, Lida P.; Adams, David C.; Ding, Vivien; Zhu, Alexander; Qiu, Cheng-Wei; Capasso, Federico; Suter, Melissa J. (September 2018). "Nano-optic endoscope for high-resolution optical coherence tomography in vivo". Nature Photonics. 12 (9): 540–547. doi:10.1038/s41566-018-0224-2. ISSN   1749-4893. PMC   6350822 . PMID   30713581.
  9. ↑ Wang, Zi; Li, Tiantian; Soman, Anishkumar; Mao, Dun; Kananen, Thomas; Gu, Tingyi (2019-08-07). "On-chip wavefront shaping with dielectric metasurface". Nature Communications. 10 (1): 3547. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11578-y. ISSN   2041-1723. PMC   6686019 . PMID   31391468.
  10. ↑ He, Tiantian (2021-11-22). "Guided mode meta-optics: metasurface-dressed waveguides for arbitrary mode couplers and on-chip OAM emitters with a configurable topological charge". Optics Express. 29 (24): 39406–39418. doi:10.1364/OE.443186. ISSN   1094-4087. PMID   34809306. S2CID   243813207.
  11. ↑ Khoram, Erfan; Chen, Ang; Liu, Dianjing; Ying, Lei; Wang, Qiqi; Yuan, Ming; Yu, Zongfu (2019-08-01). "Nanophotonic media for artificial neural inference". Photonics Research. 7 (8): 823–827. arXiv: 1810.07815 . doi:10.1364/PRJ.7.000823. ISSN   2327-9125. S2CID   173991055.
  12. ↑ Wu, Changming; Yu, Heshan; Lee, Seokhyeong; Peng, Ruoming; Takeuchi, Ichiro; Li, Mo (2021-01-04). "Programmable phase-change metasurfaces on waveguides for multimode photonic convolutional neural network". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 96. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20365-z. ISSN   2041-1723. PMC   7782756 . PMID   33398011.
  13. ↑ Meng, Yuan; Feng, Jiangang; Han, Sangmoon; Xu, Zhihao; Mao, Wenbo; Zhang, Tan; Kim, Justin S.; Roh, Ilpyo; Zhao, Yepin; Kim, Dong-Hwan; Yang, Yang; Lee, Jin-Wook; Yang, Lan; Qiu, Cheng-Wei; Bae, Sang-Hoon (2023-04-21). "Photonic van der Waals integration from 2D materials to 3D nanomembranes". Nature Reviews Materials: 1–20. doi:10.1038/s41578-023-00558-w. ISSN   2058-8437.
  14. ↑ Liu, Yuan; Huang, Yu; Duan, Xiangfeng (March 2019). "Van der Waals integration before and beyond two-dimensional materials". Nature. 567 (7748): 323–333. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1013-x. ISSN   1476-4687.
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