Year 1195 (MCXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.
Adalbert was the Duke of Upper Lorraine from 1047 until his death the next year. He was the first son of Gerard de Bouzonville (Gerhard), Count of Metz, and Gisela (Gisella), possibly a daughter of Theodoric I, Duke of Upper Lorraine.
The House of Lorraine originated as a cadet branch of the House of Metz. It inherited the Duchy of Lorraine in 1473 after the death without a male heir of Nicholas I, Duke of Lorraine. By the marriage of Francis of Lorraine to Maria Theresa of Austria in 1736, and with the success in the ensuing War of the Austrian Succession (1740–1748), the House of Lorraine was joined to the House of Habsburg and became known as the House of Habsburg‑Lorraine. Francis, his sons Joseph II and Leopold II, and his grandson Francis II were the last four Holy Roman Emperors from 1745 until the dissolution of the empire in 1806. The House of Habsburg-Lorraine inherited the Habsburg Empire, ruling the Austrian Empire and then Austria-Hungary until the dissolution of the monarchy in 1918.
The fortifications of Metz, a city in northeastern France, are extensive, due to the city's strategic position near the border of France and Germany. After the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, the area was annexed by the newly created German Empire in 1871 by the Treaty of Frankfurt and became a Reichsland. The German Army decided to build a fortress line from Mulhouse to Luxembourg to protect their new territories. The centerpiece of this line was the Moselstellung between Metz and Thionville, in Lorraine.
The Duchy of Jülich comprised a state within the Holy Roman Empire from the 11th to the 18th centuries. The duchy lay west of the Rhine river and was bordered by the Electorate of Cologne to the east and the Duchy of Limburg to the west. It had territories on both sides of the river Rur, around its capital Jülich – the former Roman Iuliacum – in the lower Rhineland. The duchy amalgamated with the County of Berg beyond the Rhine in 1423, and from then on also became known as Jülich-Berg. Later it became part of the Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg.
Achard II was the Norman count of Lecce and Ostuni, both in southern Apulia, in today's southern Italy.
The Imperial Abbey of Kaisersheim, was a Cistercian monastery in Kaisersheim, Bavaria, Germany.
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Metz is a diocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in France. In the Middle Ages it was a prince-bishopric of the Holy Roman Empire, a de facto independent state ruled by the prince-bishop who had the ex officio title of count. It was annexed to France by King Henry II in 1552; this was recognized by the Holy Roman Empire in the Peace of Westphalia of 1648. It formed part of the province of the Three Bishoprics. Since 1801 the Metz diocese has been a public-law corporation of cult.
The House of Ardenne-Verdun was a branch of the House of Ardenne, one of the first documented medieval European noble families, centered on Verdun. The family dominated in the Duchy of Lotharingia (Lorraine) in the 10th and 11th centuries. All members descended from Count Palatine Wigeric of Lotharingia and his wife Cunigunda of France, a granddaughter of the West Frankish king Louis the Stammerer. The other main branches of the House of Ardennes were the House of Ardenne-Luxembourg, and the House of Ardenne-Bar.
The Counts of Vianden, ancestors of the House of Orange-Nassau, were associated with the castle of Vianden in Luxembourg.
Paul Verlaine University – Metz was a French university, based in Metz. It merged with Nancy-I, Nancy-II, and the INPL forming the University of Lorraine. The merger process started in 2009 with the creation of a "pôles de recherche et d'enseignement supérieur" or PRES and was completed 1 January 2012.
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Vic is a diocese with its seat in the city of Vic in the ecclesiastical province of Tarragona in Catalonia, Spain. Its cathedral is a basilica dedicated to Saint Peter.
The County of Metz originated from the frankish Metzgau. In the second half of the 9th century it went to the Gerhardiner (de), which held at the same time the County of Paris.
Gerhard I of Metz was count of Metz. He was the son of Adalhard, count of Metz, himself son of Adalard the Seneschal and a daughter of Matfried, count of Eifel.
Adalhard II was Count of Metz and Mozelgau. He was probably the son of Adalard the Seneschal.
Oda of Saxony was a Saxon princess. She was the daughter of Otto I, Duke of Saxony and Hedwiga of Babenberg. She married King Zwentibold of Lotharingia and at his death in August 900, she contracted a second marriage with Count Gerhard I of Metz. From this union were born:
Godfrey, Count Palatine of Lotharingia was count of the Jülichgau from at least 924 to 936 and probably even until 949. He was the son of Gerhard I of Metz and Oda of Saxony, a daughter of Otto I, Duke of Saxony from the family of the Liudolfings, and thus a nephew of King Henry the Fowler. Moreover, he was the younger brother of Wigfried, who was archbishop of Cologne from 924 to 953 and arch-chancellor of his cousin King Otto I from 941.
German submarine U-1194 was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II.
Bertha of Lorraine was a member of the Hohenstaufen dynasty. She was the daughter of Frederick II, Duke of Swabia and, through marriage to Matthias I duke of Lorraine, she was duchess of Lorraine (c.1138-1176).
926F (Spitfire) was a wild she-wolf popular with visitors of Yellowstone National Park, who was killed about a mile outside Yellowstone by a hunter when she crossed from the park into Montana, where the hunting of wolves was legal.She was the great-great-great-granddaughter of Wolf9, one of the first wolves from Alberta, Canada that was reintroduced into Yellowstone in 1995.
