Related Research Articles
Electrochemistry is the branch of physical chemistry concerned with the relationship between electrical potential difference, as a measurable and quantitative phenomenon, and identifiable chemical change, with the potential difference as an outcome of a particular chemical change, or vice versa. These reactions involve electrons moving via an electronically-conducting phase between electrodes separated by an ionically conducting and electronically insulating electrolyte.
Compton scattering discovered by Arthur Holly Compton, is the scattering of a high frequency photon after an interaction with a charged particle, usually an electron. It results in a decrease in energy of the photon, called the Compton effect. Part of the energy of the photon is transferred to the recoiling particle. Inverse Compton scattering has the opposite effect, occurring when a high-energy charged particle transfers part of its energy to a photon, resulting in an increase in energy of the photon.
Activated carbon, also called activated charcoal, is a form of carbon commonly used to filter contaminants from water and air, among many other uses. It is processed (activated) to have small, low-volume pores that increase the surface area available for adsorption or chemical reactions. Activation is analogous to making popcorn from dried corn kernels: popcorn is light, fluffy, and its kernels have a high surface-area-to-volume ratio. Activated is sometimes replaced by active.
A uniporter is a membrane transport protein that transports a single species of substrate across a cell membrane. It may use either facilitated diffusion and transport along a diffusion gradient or transport against one with an active transport process. Uniporters include both carriers and ion channels, and are referred to as facilitated transporters, suggesting movement down a concentration or electrochemical gradient.
Dielectric spectroscopy measures the dielectric properties of a medium as a function of frequency. It is based on the interaction of an external field with the electric dipole moment of the sample, often expressed by permittivity.
An electrochemical gradient is a gradient of electrochemical potential, usually for an ion that can move across a membrane. The gradient consists of two parts:
Microwave popcorn is a convenience food consisting of unpopped popcorn in an enhanced, sealed paper bag intended to be heated in a microwave oven. In addition to the dried corn, the bags typically contain cooking oil with sufficient saturated fat to solidify at room temperature, one or more seasonings, and natural or artificial flavorings or both. With the many different flavors, there are many different providers.
In flow chemistry, also called reactor engineering, a chemical reaction is run in a continuously flowing stream rather than in batch production. In other words, pumps move fluid into a reactor, and where tubes join one another, the fluids contact one another. If these fluids are reactive, a reaction takes place. Flow chemistry is a well-established technique for use at a large scale when manufacturing large quantities of a given material. However, the term has only been coined recently for its application on a laboratory scale by chemists and describes small pilot plants, and lab-scale continuous plants. Often, microreactors are used.
An electrocatalyst is a catalyst that participates in electrochemical reactions. Electrocatalysts are a specific form of catalysts that function at electrode surfaces or, most commonly, may be the electrode surface itself. An electrocatalyst can be heterogeneous such as a platinized electrode. Homogeneous electrocatalysts, which are soluble, assist in transferring electrons between the electrode and reactants, and/or facilitate an intermediate chemical transformation described by an overall half reaction. Major challenges in electrocatalysts focus on fuel cells.
In electrochemistry, polarization is a collective term for certain mechanical side-effects by which isolating barriers develop at the interface between electrode and electrolyte. These side-effects influence the reaction mechanisms, as well as the chemical kinetics of corrosion and metal deposition. In a reaction we can displace the bonding electrons by attacking reagents. The electronic displacement in turn may be due to certain effects, some of which are permanent, and the others are temporary. Those effects which are permanently operating in the molecule are known as polarization effects, and those effects which are brought into play by attacking reagent are known as polarisability effects.
The electrochemical regeneration of activated carbon based adsorbents involves the removal of molecules adsorbed onto the surface of the adsorbent with the use of an electric current in an electrochemical cell restoring the carbon's adsorptive capacity. Electrochemical regeneration represents an alternative to thermal regeneration commonly used in waste water treatment applications. Common adsorbents include powdered activated carbon (PAC), granular activated carbon (GAC) and activated carbon fibre.
Electrochemical regeneration of activated carbon adsorbents such as granular activated carbon present an alternative to thermal regeneration or land filling at the end of useful adsorbent life. Continuous adsorption-electrochemical regeneration encompasses the adsorption and regeneration steps, typically separated in the bulk of industrial processes due to long adsorption equilibrium times, into one continuous system. This is possible using a non-porous, electrically conducting carbon derivative called Nyex. The non-porosity of Nyex allows it to achieve its full adsorptive capacity within a few minutes and its electrical conductivity allows it to form part of the electrode in an electrochemical cell. As a result of its properties Nyex can undergo quick adsorption and fast electrochemical regeneration in a combined adsorption-electrochemical regeneration cell achieving 100% regeneration efficiency.
Electrochemical engineering is the branch of chemical engineering dealing with the technological applications of electrochemical phenomena, such as electrosynthesis of chemicals, electrowinning and refining of metals, flow batteries and fuel cells, surface modification by electrodeposition, electrochemical separations and corrosion.
Plasma-activated bonding is a derivative, directed to lower processing temperatures for direct bonding with hydrophilic surfaces. The main requirements for lowering temperatures of direct bonding are the use of materials melting at low temperatures and with different coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE).
A supercapacitor (SC), also called an ultracapacitor, is a high-capacity capacitor, with a capacitance value much higher than other capacitors but with lower voltage limits. It bridges the gap between electrolytic capacitors and rechargeable batteries. It typically stores 10 to 100 times more energy per unit volume or mass than electrolytic capacitors, can accept and deliver charge much faster than batteries, and tolerates many more charge and discharge cycles than rechargeable batteries.
Park Electrochemical Corp, now called the Park Aerospace Corp, is a Melville, New York-based materials manufacturer for the telecommunications, Internet infrastructure, high-end computing, and aerospace industries. It produces high-technology digital and radio frequency(RF)/microwave printed circuit material products, composite materials. Its printed circuit materials are used for complex multilayer printed circuit boards and other electronic interconnection systems, such as multilayer back-planes, wireless packages, high-speed/low-loss multilayers, and high density interconnects (HDIs). Its core capabilities are polymer chemistry formulation and coating technology.
María Antonia Herrero is a chemist who works in the faculty of chemical sciences at the University of Castilla–La Mancha (UCLM) in Ciudad Real. Her work focuses on chemical nanomaterials, with research undertaken at the same university.
Marken Michel is an American gridiron football wide receiver for the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played college football at UMass before signing with the Minnesota Vikings as an undrafted free agent in 2016. Michel has also played for the Philadelphia Eagles and Carolina Panthers of the NFL.
CMB spectral distortions are tiny departures of the average cosmic microwave background (CMB) frequency spectrum from the predictions given by a perfect black body. They can be produced by a number of standard and non-standard processes occurring at the early stages of cosmic history, and therefore allow us to probe the standard picture of cosmology. Importantly, the CMB frequency spectrum and its distortions should not be confused with the CMB anisotropy power spectrum, which relates to spatial fluctuations of the CMB temperature in different directions of the sky.
References
- ↑ Microwave activation of electrochemical processes Compton. R, Coles. A and F. Marken. 1998. Microwave activation of electrochemical processes at microelectrodes. Chemical Communications. Accessed: 11/04/18
 | This electrochemistry-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |