Migraine Specific Quality of Life

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The Migraine Specific Quality of Life (MSQoL) is a patient-reported outcome measure (PRO or PROM) which assesses the quality of life of migraineurs. [1] It is a 25-item [2] questionnaire which is filled out by the patient and is used to determine how the patient's life has been affected by their migraines.

Contents

History and development

The MSQoL was funded by the Wellcome Foundation and developed by Galen Research, as part of an international research study which was conducted in eight countries, with initial work conducted in the UK and US. [3] In the UK, 30 patients who suffer from migraine were interviewed, while 25 patients were interviewed in the US. A focus group was also held with 5 participants. Transcripts of these interviews were used to determine the questionnaire items. The MSQoL was assessed for reliability and validity and was found to have good consistency and test-retest reliability. [4] Scores on the MSQoL were also found to be consistent with another measure of well-being as well as the perceived severity of the affliction for the patients.

International use

The MSQoL has been translated into several languages other than UK English: German, Dutch, [5] Danish, Spanish, Finnish, French, [6] Italian, and USA English. [7]

The MSQoL has also been utilized by pharmaceutical companies in order to test whether a given therapy or medication is effective in treating migraines. The MSQoL has been used in the assessment of the effect of nadolol and topiramate, [8] regular water intake [9] and using migraine patients as trainers in preventive attack management. [10] Different scores on the MSQoL taken before and after the trial infer a change in the patient's quality of life.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Migraine</span> Disorder resulting in recurrent moderate-severe headaches

Migraine is a genetically influenced complex neurological disorder characterized by episodes of moderate-to-severe headache, most often unilateral and generally associated with nausea and light and sound sensitivity. Other characterizing symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, cognitive dysfunction, allodynia, and dizziness. Exacerbation of headache symptoms during physical activity is another distinguishing feature. Up to one-third of migraine sufferers experience aura: a premonitory period of sensory disturbance widely accepted to be caused by cortical spreading depression at the onset of a migraine attack. Although primarily considered to be a headache disorder, migraine is highly heterogenous in its clinical presentation and is better thought of as a spectrum disease rather than a distinct clinical entity. Disease burden can range from episodic discrete attacks, consisting of as little as several lifetime attacks, to chronic disease.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cluster headache</span> Neurological disorder

Cluster headache (CH) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye(s). There is often accompanying eye watering, nasal congestion, or swelling around the eye on the affected side. These symptoms typically last 15 minutes to 3 hours. Attacks often occur in clusters which typically last for weeks or months and occasionally more than a year.

A medication overuse headache (MOH), also known as a rebound headache, usually occurs when painkillers are taken frequently to relieve headaches. These cases are often referred to as painkiller headaches. Rebound headaches frequently occur daily, can be very painful and are a common cause of chronic daily headache. They typically occur in patients with an underlying headache disorder such as migraine or tension-type headache that "transforms" over time from an episodic condition to chronic daily headache due to excessive intake of acute headache relief medications. MOH is a serious, disabling and well-characterized disorder, which represents a worldwide problem and is now considered the third-most prevalent type of headache. The proportion of patients in the population with Chronic Daily Headache (CDH) who overuse acute medications ranges from 18% to 33%. The prevalence of medication overuse headache (MOH) varies depending on the population studied and diagnostic criteria used. However, it is estimated that MOH affects approximately 1-2% of the general population, but its relative frequency is much higher in secondary and tertiary care.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sumatriptan</span> 5-HT receptor agonist medication used for migraines & cluster headaches

Sumatriptan, sold commonly under brand names Imitrex and Treximet among others, is a medication used to treat migraine headaches and cluster headaches. It is taken orally, intranasally, or by subcutaneous injection. Therapeutic effects generally occur within three hours.

A headache is often present in patients with epilepsy. If the headache occurs in the vicinity of a seizure, it is defined as peri-ictal headache, which can occur either before (pre-ictal) or after (post-ictal) the seizure, to which the term ictal refers. An ictal headache itself may or may not be an epileptic manifestation. In the first case it is defined as ictal epileptic headache or simply epileptic headache. It is a real painful seizure, that can remain isolated or be followed by other manifestations of the seizure. On the other hand, the ictal non-epileptic headache is a headache that occurs during a seizure but it is not due to an epileptic mechanism. When the headache does not occur in the vicinity of a seizure it is defined as inter-ictal headache. In this case it is a disorder autonomous from epilepsy, that is a comorbidity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Triptan</span> Class of pharmaceutical drugs

Triptans are a family of tryptamine-based drugs used as abortive medication in the treatment of migraines and cluster headaches. This drug class was first commercially introduced in the 1990s. While effective at treating individual headaches, they do not provide preventive treatment and are not considered a cure. They are not effective for the treatment of tension–type headache, except in persons who also experience migraines. Triptans do not relieve other kinds of pain.

Sexual headache is a type of headache that occurs in the skull and neck during sexual activity, including masturbation or orgasm. These headaches are usually benign, but occasionally are caused by intracranial hemorrhage and cerebral infarction, especially if the pain is sudden and severe. They may be caused by general exertion, sexual excitement, or contraction of the neck and facial muscles. Most cases can be successfully treated with medication.

Osmophobia or olfactophobia refers to a fear, aversion, or psychological hypersensitivity to odors. The phobia generally occurs in chronic migraine sufferers who may have odor triggered migraines. Such migraines are most frequently triggered by foul odors, but the hypersensitivity may extend to all odors. One study found as many as 25% of migraine sufferers had some degree of osmophobia. The condition may also be present in individuals in substance withdrawal, specifically opioid withdrawal syndrome, where it is usually associated with nausea and/or vomiting.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Methysergide</span> Chemical compound

Methysergide, sold under the brand names Deseril and Sansert, is a monoaminergic medication of the ergoline and lysergamide groups which is used in the prophylaxis and treatment of migraine and cluster headaches. It has been withdrawn from the market in the United States and Canada due to adverse effects. It is taken by mouth.

Hemicrania continua (HC) is a persistent unilateral headache that responds to indomethacin. It is usually unremitting, but rare cases of remission have been documented. Hemicrania continua is considered a primary headache disorder, meaning that another condition does not cause it.

New daily persistent headache (NDPH) is a primary headache syndrome which can mimic chronic migraine and chronic tension-type headache. The headache is daily and unremitting from very soon after onset, usually in a person who does not have a history of a primary headache disorder. The pain can be intermittent, but lasts more than 3 months. Headache onset is abrupt and people often remember the date, circumstance and, occasionally, the time of headache onset. One retrospective study stated that over 80% of patients could state the exact date their headache began.

Vestibular migraine (VM) is vertigo with migraine, either as a symptom of migraine or as a related neurological disorder.

The classification of all headaches, including migraines, is organized by the International Headache Society, and published in the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD). The current version, the ICHD-3 beta, was published in 2013.

Preventive treatment of migraine can be an important component of migraine management. Such treatments can take many forms, including everything from surgery, taking certain drugs or nutritional supplements, to lifestyle alterations such as increased exercise and avoidance of migraine triggers.

Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache with conjunctival injection and tearing is a rare headache disorder that belongs to the group of headaches called trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia (TACs). Symptoms include excruciating burning, stabbing, or electrical headaches mainly near the eye and typically these sensations are only on one side of the body. The headache attacks are typically accompanied by cranial autonomic signs that are unique to SUNCT. Each attack can last from five seconds to six minutes and may occur up to 200 times daily.

Occipital nerve stimulation (ONS), also called peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) of the occipital nerves, is used to treat chronic migraine patients who have failed to respond to pharmaceutical treatments.

Migraine treatment may be either prophylactic (preventive) or abortive (rescue). Prevention is better than cure, so the ideal treatment goal is to prevent migraine attacks. Because migraine is an exceedingly complex condition, there are various preventive treatments which have their effect by disrupting different links in the chain of events that occur during a migraine attack. As rescue treatments also target and disrupt different processes occurring during migraine, these are summarized, with their relative merits and demerits.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Illusory palinopsia</span> Subtype of palinopsia

Illusory palinopsia is a subtype of palinopsia, a visual disturbance defined as the persistence or recurrence of a visual image after the stimulus has been removed. Palinopsia is a broad term describing a heterogeneous group of symptoms, which is divided into hallucinatory palinopsia and illusory palinopsia. Illusory palinopsia is likely due to sustained awareness of a stimulus and is similar to a visual illusion: the distorted perception of a real external stimulus.

A migrainous infarction is a rare type of ischaemic stroke which occurs in correspondence with migraine aura symptoms. Symptoms include headaches, visual disturbances, strange sensations and dysphasia, all of which gradually worsen causing neurological changes which ultimately increase the risk of an ischaemic stroke. Typically, women under the age of 45 who experience migraine with aura (MA) are at the greatest risk for developing migrainous infarction, especially when combined with smoking and use of oral contraceptives.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Recurrent painful ophthalmoplegic neuropathy</span> Medical condition

Recurrent painful ophthalmoplegic neuropathy (RPON), previously known as ophthalmoplegic migraine (OM), is a rare neurological disorder that is characterized by repeated headache attacks and reversible ipsilateral paresis of one or more ocular cranial nerves (CN). Oculomotor nerve (CNIII) is by far the most common cranial nerve involves in RPON, while abducens nerve (CNVI) and trochlear nerve (CNIV) involvements are also reported. Globally, RPON was estimated to have an annual incidence rate of 0.7 per million as of 1990, no further epidemiological studies have been conducted. It occurs more often in children and females.

References

  1. ↑ McKenna, S.P; Doward, L.C.; Davey, K.M. (1998). "The Development and Psychometric Properties of the MSQOL: A Migraine-Specific Quality-of-Life Instrument". Clinical Drug Investigation. 15 (5): 413–423. doi:10.2165/00044011-199815050-00006. PMID   18370497. S2CID   19903412.
  2. ↑ Wagner, T.H.; Patrick, D.L.; Galer, B.S.; Berzon, R.A. (September 1996). "A New Instrument to Assess the Long-term Quality of Life Effects From Migraine: Development and Psychometric Testing of the MSQOL". Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. 36 (8): 484–492. doi:10.1046/j.1526-4610.1996.3608484.x. PMID   8824004. S2CID   5694914.
  3. ↑ Patrick, Donald L.; Hurst, Bryan C.; Hughes, Janette (July 2000). "Further Development and Testing of the Migraine-Specific Quality of Life (MSQOL) Measure". Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. 40 (7): 550–560. doi:10.1046/j.1526-4610.2000.00086.x. PMID   10940093. S2CID   23808987.
  4. ↑ Wagner, T.H.; Patrick, D.L.; Galer, B.S.; Berzon, R.A. (1996). "A New Instrument to Assess the Long-term Quality of Life Effects From Migraine: Development and Psychometric Testing of the MSQOL". Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain. 36 (8): 484–492. doi:10.1046/j.1526-4610.1996.3608484.x. PMID   8824004. S2CID   5694914.
  5. ↑ Passchier J.; Mourik J.; McKenna S.; Van Den Berg M.; Erdman R. (2001). "Evaluation of the Dutch version of the migraine quality of life instrument (MSQOL) and its application in headache coping". Cephalalgia. 21 (8): 823–829. doi: 10.1046/j.0333-1024.2001.00237.x . PMID   11737008. S2CID   12083995.
  6. ↑ Gerbaud, L; Navez, ML; Couratier, P; Lejeune, ML; Vernay, D; Aufauvre, D; Preux, PM; Metz, O; Dazord, A; Laurent, B; Clavelou, P (July 2002). "Validation of the combined SF36/MSQOL test of evaluation of quality of life in migraine patients in France". Revue Neurologique. 158 (6–7): 719–727. PMID   12486902.
  7. ↑ "MSQoL". Galen Research.
  8. ↑ Garcia-Monco, JC; Foncea, N; Bilbao, A; Ruiz de Velasco, I; Gomez-Beldarrain, M (August 2007). "Impact of preventive therapy with nadolol and topiramate on the quality of life of migraine patients". Cephalalgia. 27 (8): 920–928. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2982.2007.01367.x. PMID   17645757. S2CID   9406164.
  9. ↑ Spigt, Mark; Weerkamp, Nico; Troost, Jaap; van Schayck, Constant P; Knottnerus, J Andre (2011). "A randomized trial on the effects of regular water intake in patients with recurrent headaches". Family Practice. 29 (4): 1–6. doi: 10.1093/fampra/cmr112 . PMID   22113647.
  10. ↑ Merelle, SYM; Sorbi, MJ; Van Doornen, LJP; Passchier, J (February 2008). "Migraine patients as trainers of their fellow patients in non-pharmacological preventive attack management: short-term effects of a randomized controlled trial". Cephalalgia. 28 (2): 127–138. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2982.2007.01472.x. PMID   18197883. S2CID   44246726 . Retrieved 8 October 2013.
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