Mir Masum Minar locally known as Masum Shah jo Minaro is a monument built in Sukkur during Mughal period. It is a high minaret of Mir Masum Shah. The Minaret is built of burnt bricks. It stands about 34 m high and stretches 28 m in circumference at the base. It is surmounted by a dome reached by an internal stair-case. [1]
The minaret was started in 1595 A.D by Mir Muhammad Masum Shah Bakhri and completed by his son, Mir Buzurg in 1618 A.H. [2] Mir Masum was a scholar, poet, calligraphist, historian, and soldier. [3] [4] [5]
Mir Masum was born at Sukkur-Bhakkar in 944 A.H. He assumed the poetic title of ‘Nami’. He wrote a history of Sindh called after him the Tarikh-e-Masumi, complied in A.H.1009 (1600 A.D.). His services and qualities impressed Emperor Akbar who awarded him large jagirs in the surrounding areas of Sukkur. In 1606 A.D., he was bestowed with the title of Amin-ul-Maulk by Emperor Jahangir. [6] [7]
Mirza Shahab-ud-Din Muhammad Khurram, also known as Shah Jahan I, was the fifth Mughal Emperor, reigning from 1628 until 1658. During his reign, the Mughals reached the peak of their architectural and cultural achievements.
The Qutb Minar complex are monuments and buildings from the Delhi Sultanate at Mehrauli in Delhi, India. Construction of the Qutub Minar "victory tower" in the complex, named after the religious figure Sufi Saint Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki, was begun by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, who later became the first Sultan of Delhi of the Mamluk dynasty. It was continued by his successor Iltutmish, and finally completed much later by Firoz Shah Tughlaq, a Sultan of Delhi from the Tughlaq dynasty (1320–1412) in 1368 AD. The Qubbat-ul-Islam Mosque, later corrupted into Quwwat-ul Islam, stands next to the Qutb Minar.
Dara Shikoh, also known as Dara Shukoh, was the eldest son and heir-apparent of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. Dara was designated with the title Padshahzada-i-Buzurg Martaba and was favoured as a successor by his father and his elder sister, Princess Jahanara Begum. He had been given the title of 'Shah-e-Buland Iqbal' by Shah Jahan. In the war of succession which ensued after Shah Jahan's illness in 1657, Dara was defeated by his younger brother Prince Muhiuddin. He was executed in 1659 on Aurangzeb's orders in a bitter struggle for the imperial throne.
The Qutb Minar, also spelled Qutub Minar and Qutab Minar, is a minaret and "victory tower" that forms part of the Qutb complex, which lies at the site of Delhi's oldest fortified city, Lal Kot, founded by the Tomar Rajputs. It consists of 399 steps It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Mehrauli area of South Delhi, India. It is one of the most visited tourist spots in the city, mostly built between 1199 and 1220.
Sukkur is a city in the Pakistani province of Sindh along the western bank of the Indus River, directly across from the historic city of Rohri. Sukkur is the third largest city in Sindh after Karachi and Hyderabad, and 14th largest city of Pakistan by population. The city was originally founded by the Rai dynasty of Sindh. The modern city was built in the 1840s. New Sukkur was established during the British era alongside the village of Sukkur. Sukkur's hill, along with the hill on the river island of Bukkur, form what is sometimes considered the "Gate of Sindh".
The Gūr-i Amīr or Guri Amir is a mausoleum of the Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. It occupies an important place in the history of Central Asian architecture as the precursor for and had influence on later Mughal architecture tombs, including Gardens of Babur in Kabul, Humayun's Tomb in Delhi and the Taj Mahal in Agra, built by Timur's Indian descendants, Turco-Mongols that followed Indian culture with Central Asian influences. Mughals established the ruling Mughal dynasty of the Indian subcontinent. The mausoleum has been heavily restored over the course of its existence.
Mughal architecture is the type of Indo-Islamic architecture developed by the Mughals in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries throughout the ever-changing extent of their empire in the Indian subcontinent. It developed from the architectural styles of earlier Muslim dynasties in India and from Iranian and Central Asian architectural traditions, particularly Timurid architecture. It also further incorporated and syncretized influences from wider Indian architecture, especially during the reign of Akbar. Mughal buildings have a uniform pattern of structure and character, including large bulbous domes, slender minarets at the corners, massive halls, large vaulted gateways, and delicate ornamentation; examples of the style can be found in modern-day Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India and Pakistan.
Mehrauli is a neighbourhood in South Delhi, Delhi, India. It represents a constituency in the legislative assembly of Delhi. The area is close to Gurugram and next to Vasant Kunj.
Indo-Islamic architecture is the architecture of the Indian subcontinent produced by and for Islamic patrons and purposes. Despite an initial Arab presence in Sindh, the development of Indo-Islamic architecture began in earnest with the establishment of Delhi as the capital of the Ghurid dynasty in 1193. Succeeding the Ghurids was the Delhi Sultanate, a series of Central Asian dynasties that consolidated much of North India, and later the Mughal Empire by the 15th century. Both of these dynasties introduced Islamic architecture and art styles from West Asia into the Indian subcontinent.
Hiran Minar is an early 16th-century Mughal era complex in Sheikhupura, in the Pakistani province of Punjab. It was built at the site of a game reserve in honour of Mughal Emperor Jahangir's beloved antelope, Mansraj. The emperor is remembered for his fondness of nature, and his complex embodies the Mughal relationship between humans, pets and hunting.
Sateen Jo Aastan is located on the left bank of the Indus River near Rohri, Sindh, Pakistan. The place was named as “safae-e-safa” built by Mir Abu al Qasim Namkeen when he was the governor of the Bakhar. He used this great scenic place as cultural gathering place, particularly in full moon nights. Abu al Qasim died in 1018AH and his body was brought for burial from Kabul at this place. His son Mir Abu al Baqa Amir Khan died in 1057AH in Thatta and his body too was brought to bury here along with his father Abu al Qasim Namkeen.
Mir Muhammad Masoom Shah Bakhri, also known as Syed Nizamuddin Mir Muhammad Masoom Shah, was a sixteenth-century Sindhi Muslim historian from Bakhar, Sindh. He is known for writing a history of Sindh, Tarikh i Sind, published in ca. 1600. He was also a trusted lieutenant of the Mughal emperor Akbar. In around 1595, he led Akbar's army in a battle against the Panni Afghans stronghold of Sibi in northwest Quetta, resulting in Baluchistan being annexed into the Mughal empire. Subsequently, in 1598, he was appointed the governor of Sind and Sibi by Akbar.
Pakistani architecture is intertwined with the architecture of the broader Indian subcontinent. The major architectural styles popular in the past were Temple, Indo-Islamic, Mughal and Indo-Saracenic architecture, all of which have many regional varieties. With the beginning of the Indus civilization around the middle of the 3rd millennium BC, for the first time in the area which encompasses today's Pakistan an advanced urban culture developed with large structural facilities, some of which survive to this day. This was followed by the Gandhara style of Buddhist architecture that borrowed elements from Ancient Greece. These remnants are visible in the Gandhara capital of Taxila.
The Munger Fort, located at Munger, in the state of Bihar, India, is built on a rocky hillock on the south bank of the Ganges River. Its history is not completely dated but it is believed that it was built during the early rule of Slave dynasty of India. The Munger town where the fort is situated was under the control of Muhammad bin Tughluq of Delhi. The fort has two prominent hills called the Karnachaura or Karanchaura, and the other a built up rectangular mound deduced to be the location of a citadel of the fort with historical links. The fort had a succession of Muslim rulers (Khaljis, Tughlaqs, Lodis, Nawabs of Bengal, followed by Mughal rulers, till it was finally acceded to the British by Mir Quasim, after unseating his father-in-law Mīr Jafar on the grounds of old age, for a monetary reward negotiated by Vansittart. This deal involved payment by the East India Company's merchants of an ad valorem duty of 9 percent, against an Indian merchant's duty of 40%. The fort became a place of considerable importance to the British in Bengal till 1947.
Mīr Sayyid Jalāl ad-Dīn an-Naqwī al-Bukhārī, better known as Jahāniyān Jahāngasht, was a Sufi saint from South Asia.
Lanjar is a Sindhi tribe settled in Sindh for over seven centuries, occupying a small part of Sindh. The majority of the Lanjars are found in Sukkur taluka Pano Aqil, Nawabshah, Ranipur, village Manjhu, Deh Khahi Qasim, Naushahro Feroze, Sindh Near Tehsil, Bhiria City, Naushahro Froze District, Lakho Lanjari Ghotki, Lanjari Sharif, Shikarpur, and in various locations of Sindh.
Persian Inscriptions on Indian Monuments is a book written in Persian by Dr Ali Asghar Hekmat E Shirazi and published in 1956 and 1958 and 2013. New edition contains the Persian texts of more than 200 epigraphical inscriptions found on historical monuments in India, many of which are currently listed as national heritage sites or registered as UNESCO world heritage, published in Persian; an English edition is also being printed.
The Shrine of Mian Mir is a 17th-century shrine located in Lahore, Pakistan, that is dedicated to the Sufi mystic Mian Mir. The shrine is one of the most celebrated in Lahore, and has historically been revered by both Muslims and Sikhs.
The Mini Qutub Minar is a minaret tower in Hastsal village in Uttam Nagar, West Delhi, India. It was built in the 1650 by Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan near his hunting lodge in Hasthal. The three storeyed tower is 16.87 meters tall and stands on a raised octagonal platform. The minar is built with bricks and clad with red sandstone. The tower structure and design resembles the Qutub Minar of Delhi and was inspired by it.
Mirza Jani Beg Tarkhan was the last Sultan of Sindh. He succeeded his grandfather Mirza Muhammad Baqi after his death. He ruled from 1585 to 1591 as an independent monarch of Sindh but was forced to submit to Mughal authority. He later involuntarily abdicated in 1593 and a Mughal Subahdar was appointed in his place. But due to social and public unrest, the Mughal authority appointed Jani in his place in 1594. Jani continued to serve as the Mughal Subahdar till his death in 1601.
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