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Victory day is a national holiday in Bangladesh celebrated on December 16 to commemorate the victory of the allied forces over the Pakistani forces in the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. The Commanding officer of the Pakistani Forces General AAK Niazi surrendered with his forces to the Allied forces of India and Bangladesh, which marked the end of the 9 month-long Bangladesh Liberation War and 1971 Bangladesh genocide and official secession of East Pakistan into Bangladesh.
The Bangladesh Army is the land warfare branch, and the largest of the three armed services of Bangladesh Armed Forces. The primary mission of the Army is to provide necessary forces and capabilities to deliver the Bangladeshi government's security and defence strategies, and most notably, defending the nation's territorial integrity against external attack. Control of personnel and operations is administered by the Department of the Army, Armed Forces Division. In addition to its primary mission the Bangladesh Army is also constitutionally obligated to assist the government and its civilian agencies during times of domestic national emergency. This additional role is commonly referred to as "aid to civil administration".
The genocide in Bangladesh began on 26 March 1971 with the launch of Operation Searchlight, as West Pakistan began a military crackdown on the Eastern wing of the nation to suppress Bengali calls for self-determination. During the nine-month-long Bangladesh War for Liberation, members of the Pakistani military and supporting Islamist militias from Jamaat-e-Islami killed between 300,000 and 3,000,000 people and raped between 200,000 and 400,000 Bangladeshi women, according to Bangladeshi and Indian sources, in a systematic campaign of genocidal rape. The actions against women were supported by Jamaat-e-Islami religious leaders, who declared that Bengali women were gonimoter maal. As a result of the conflict, a further eight to ten million people, mostly Hindus, fled the country to seek refuge in neighbouring India. It is estimated that up to 30 million civilians were internally displaced out of 70 million. During the war, there was also ethnic violence between Bengalis and Urdu-speaking Biharis. Biharis faced reprisals from Bengali mobs and militias and from 1,000 to 150,000 were killed. Other sources claim it was up to 500,000.
Martyred Intellectuals Memorial is a memorial built in memory of the martyred intellectuals of the Bangladesh Liberation War. The memorial is located at Rayerbazar, Mohammadpur Thana in Dhaka. The memorial was designed by architect Farid U Ahmed and Jami Al Shafi. The initial proposal for a memorial at Rayer Bazar was brought forward by Projonmo 71, who also laid a temporary foundation stone in 1991.
The Tangail Airdrop was a successful battalion-size airborne forces's paratroopers operation mounted on 11 December 1971 by the 2nd Battalion of the Indian Army's Parachute Regiment during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 for the liberation of Bangladesh. The main objective of the operation was the capture of Poongli Bridge on the Jamuna River which would cut off the Pakistani 93rd Brigade which was retreating from Mymensingh in the north to defend the capital of East Pakistan, Dhaka, and its approaches. The paratroop unit was also tasked to link up with the advancing Maratha Light Infantry on the ground to advance towards the East Pakistani capital.
In 1971 the Pakistan Army and their local collaborators, most notably the extreme right wing Islamist militia group Al-Badr, engaged in the systematic execution of Bengali pro-liberation intellectuals during the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971, a war crime. Intellectuals were killed throughout the entire duration of the war. The largest number of executions took place on 25 March and 14 December 1971, as it became apparent that Bangladesh would become independent. 14 December is commemorated in Bangladesh as Martyred Intellectuals Day.
Mirpur is a thana of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. It is bounded by Pallabi Thana to the north, Mohammadpur Thana to the south, Kafrul to the east, and Savar Upazila to the west.
Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami, previously known as Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh, or Jamaat for short, is the largest Islamist political party in Bangladesh. On 1 August 2013, the Bangladesh Supreme Court declared the registration of the Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami illegal, ruling that the party is unfit to contest national elections.
Martyred Intellectuals Day is observed on 14 December in Bangladesh to commemorate those intellectuals who were killed by Pakistani forces and their collaborators during the 1971 Liberation War, particularly on 25 March and 14 December 1971. The killings were undertaken with the goal of annihilating the intellectual class of what was then East Pakistan. Two days after the events of 14 December, on 16 December, Bangladesh became independent through the surrender of Pakistani forces.
Abdul Quader Molla was a Bangladeshi Islamist leader, writer, and politician of the Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami, who was convicted of war crimes and sentenced to death by the International Crimes Tribunal, Bangladesh (ICT) set up by the government of Bangladesh and hanged. There were objections from the United Nations, the governments of several countries, including Turkey, and international Human rights organizations but on the other hand there was widespread support from the general people of Bangladesh for the execution.
Ashrafuz Zaman Khan is one of the convicted masterminds of 1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals. In 1971, he was a member of the Central Committee of the Islami Chhatra Sangha. After liberation he went to Pakistan and worked for Radio Pakistan. Later, he moved to New York and presently heads the Queens branch of Islamic Circle of North America (ICNA). He was sentenced to death in absentia by the International War Crimes Tribunal for killing 18 Bengali intellectuals during the last days of the 1971 Liberation War of Bangladesh.
Ahmed Rajib Haider was an atheist blogger from Bangladesh. He used to blog in the blogging communities namely Somewhereinblog.net, Amarblog.com and Nagorikblog.com and used the pseudonym Thaba Baba.
The movement demanding trial of war criminals is a protest movement in Bangladesh, from 1972 to present.
The Bangla College killing field is located in the Mirpur area of Dhaka, Bangladesh. In 1971, during the Bangladesh Liberation War, the Pakistani army killed 3 million Bangladeshis with the help of some local collaborators. It has been claimed to be the largest genocide after World War II. Bangladesh officially became independent on 16 December 1971, but the neighborhood of Mirpur was liberated from Pakistan Army and local Bihari people on 31 January 1972, 45 days after the declaration of independence was signed. Mirpur was largely inhabited by Biharis who were against the secession movement, so genocide took place on a large scale. Mirpur was the last battlefield of the war. Bangla College is one of the largest killing fields in Bangladesh.
Mohammad Martuza was a Bengali Physician, who was killed during the 1971 liberation war of Bangladesh. He is considered a martyr in Bangladesh.
According to the Constitution of Bangladesh, citizens of the country have freedom of religion, including the right to establish and maintain their own religious institutions. The constitution also declares all kinds of religious discrimination illegal, although religious minorities and atheists are conspicuously under-represented by the government and society of the country. A number of Bangladeshi atheist bloggers have been attacked and killed by fundamentalist religious groups in recent years. In a 2009 Gallup survey, more than 99% of respondents from Bangladesh replied that religion is an important part of their daily life.
Avijit Roy was a Bangladeshi-American Engineer, online activist, writer and blogger known for creating and administrating the Mukto-Mona, an Internet community for Bangladeshi freethinkers, rationalists, skeptics, atheists and humanists. Roy was an advocate of free expression in Bangladesh, coordinating international protests against government censorship and imprisonment of atheist bloggers. He was hacked to death by machete-wielding assailants in Dhaka, Bangladesh, on 26 February 2015; Islamic militant organization Ansarullah Bangla Team claimed responsibility for the attack.
Attacks by Islamic extremists in Bangladesh refers to a period of turbulence in Bangladesh between 2013 and 2016 where attacks on a number of secularist and atheist writers, bloggers, and publishers in Bangladesh; foreigners; homosexuals; and religious minorities such as Hindus, Buddhists, Christians and Shias were seen. By 2 July 2016 a total of 48 people, including 20 foreign nationals, were killed in such attacks. These attacks were largely blamed on extremist groups such as Ansarullah Bangla Team and Islamic State of Iraq and Syria. The Bangladeshi government was criticized for its response to the attacks, which included charging and jailing some of the secularist bloggers for allegedly defaming some religious groups; or hurting the religious sentiments of different religious groups; or urging the bloggers to flee overseas. This strategy was seen by some as pandering to hard line elements within Bangladesh's Muslim majority population. About 89% of the population in Bangladesh is Muslim. The government's eventual successful crackdown in June 2016 was also criticized for its heavy-handedness, as more than 11,000 people were arrested in a little more than a week. Despite the criticism from some quarters, this menace was completely eliminated with no more major attacks or deaths in the subsequent period.
Liberation of Mirpur refers to the Liberation of Mirpur Thana in Dhaka on 31 January 1972 by Bangladesh Armed Forces after the end of Bangladesh Liberation war.
Jalladkhana Killing Field is located in Avenue 1, Mirpur, Dhaka. It is a mass grave from the Bangladesh Liberation war. During the war, muhajir people. The muhajir population were in a large number in Mirpur during that time, as a result they have killed a large number of people from Mirpur.
References
- 1 2 Dr. Ma Hasan's Juddhaporadh, Gonohotta o Bicharere Onneson
- 1 2 Meraj Meju's Mirpurer 10ti Boddhovumi
- 1 2 Liberation War Museum
- ↑ "When Mirpur stood liberated". The Daily Star. 31 January 2011. Retrieved 3 February 2018.
- ↑ "The liberation of Mirpur". Dhaka Courier. Retrieved 3 February 2018.
- ↑ "January 1972: The liberation of Mirpur". www.observerbd.com. Retrieved 3 February 2018.