Missouri Avenue Beach

Last updated

Missouri Avenue Beach, also known as Chicken Bone Beach Chicken Bone Beach.jpg
Missouri Avenue Beach, also known as Chicken Bone Beach

Missouri Avenue Beach, often referred to as "Chicken Bone Beach," [1] is a lifeguarded beach on the Jersey Shore. It was an early and mid-twentieth-century Black resort destination and racially segregated section of the Atlantic Ocean beach near the Northside neighborhood of Atlantic City, New Jersey (between Missouri and Mississippi Avenues). [2] [3] The name was initially most likely a pejorative or condescending reference to the packed lunches brought by beachgoers who were not permitted by unspoken sentiment in many dining establishments, but the Black community has reclaimed the name as a point of resistance and pride. [4] The beach is now home to swimming, sunbathing, jazz and other local events.

Contents

History

Blacks and whites lived in the area side by side with few problems after the American Civil War. [5] It was not until 1900 that the beach became segregated, due in part to pressures by local businesses. [6] It remained a blacks only beach until the passing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. [7] During segregation and the Jim Crow era other area beaches did not allow African American visitors. It was given its colloquial name by locals due to the chicken bones presumably found in this segregated area during regular clean ups, although by all accounts the reports were simply unfounded. [8] While there were no signs nor laws prohibiting blacks from enjoying the entirety of the beach, the segregation was rigidly enforced by local authorities or more commonly, white beachgoers. [8] The Atlantic City Beach Patrol was officially desegregated, but its black members were in practice consigned to Missouri Avenue Beach. [9] Desegregation came in the 1960s. [10]

Black showgirls at Club Harlem were said to have called the beach "Sunshine Row" during midcentury, when stars like Sammy Davis, Jr., Louis Jordan, the Mills Brothers, and Jackie “Moms” Mabley performed in the city. [11] [12] [13]

Martin Luther King, Jr. was photographed on a family vacation to the beach in 1956. [14]

Chicken Bone Beach Historical Foundation

The Chicken Bone Beach Historical Foundation, founded by Atlantic City native Henrietta W. Shelton, installed a commemorative marker to mark Chicken Bone Beach in 2015. [15] [16]

Chicken Bone Beach Jazz

The Chicken Bone Beach Historical Foundation offers weekly Chicken Bone Beach Jazz concerts. In the summer, they are held next to the beach, at the Kennedy Plaza outdoor amphitheater. [17] In the cooler months, Chicken Bone Beach Jazz plays at the Claridge Hotel. [18] [19]

Chicken Bone Beach Youth Jazz Institute offers free music lessons. [20] [21] [18]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Atlantic City, New Jersey</span> City in Atlantic County, New Jersey, US

Atlantic City, sometimes referred to by its initials A.C., is a Jersey Shore seaside resort city in Atlantic County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cape May, New Jersey</span> City in Cape May County, New Jersey, US

Cape May is a city and seaside resort located at the southern tip of Cape May Peninsula in Cape May County in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Located where the Delaware Bay meets the Atlantic Ocean, it is one of the country's oldest vacation resort destinations. The city, and all of Cape May County, is part of the Ocean City metropolitan statistical area, and is part of the Philadelphia-Wilmington-Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD combined statistical area, also known as the Delaware Valley or Philadelphia metropolitan area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ocean City, New Jersey</span> City in Cape May County, New Jersey, US

Ocean City is a city in Cape May County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is the principal city of the Ocean City metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses all of Cape May County, and is part of the Philadelphia-Wilmington-Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD combined statistical area, also known as the Delaware Valley or Philadelphia metropolitan area. It is part of the South Jersey region of the state.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wildwood, New Jersey</span> City in Cape May County, New Jersey, US

Wildwood is a city in Cape May County in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The city, and all of Cape May County, is part of the Ocean City metropolitan statistical area, and is part of the Philadelphia-Wilmington-Camden, PA-NJ-DE-MD combined statistical area, also known as the Delaware Valley or Philadelphia metropolitan area. As of the 2020 United States census, the city's year-round population was 5,157, a decrease of 168 (−3.2%) from the 2010 census count of 5,325, which in turn reflected a decline of 111 (−2.0%) from the 5,436 counted in the 2000 census. A popular Jersey Shore resort destination, the population can swell to 250,000 during the summer. Wildwood was the first city in New Jersey to have a female mayor, Doris W. Bradway, who was ousted in a 1938 recall election.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Asbury Park, New Jersey</span> City in Monmouth County, New Jersey, US

Asbury Park is a beachfront city located on the Jersey Shore in Monmouth County in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is part of the New York metropolitan area. As of the 2020 United States census, the city's population was 15,188, a decrease of 928 (−5.8%) from the 2010 census count of 16,116, which in turn reflected a decline of 814 (−4.8%) from the 16,930 counted in the 2000 census.

The U.S. state of New Jersey is located in the Northeastern United States and is part of the Mid-Atlantic region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jersey Shore</span> Coastal region of the U.S. state of New Jersey

The Jersey Shore, commonly referred to locally as simply the Shore, is the coastal region of the U.S. state of New Jersey. Geographically, the term encompasses about 141 miles (227 km) of oceanfront bordering the Atlantic Ocean, from Perth Amboy in the north to Cape May Point in the south. The region includes Middlesex, Monmouth, Ocean, Atlantic, and Cape May counties, which are in the central and southern parts of the state. Located in the center of the Northeast Megalopolis, the northern half of the shore region is part of the New York metropolitan area, while the southern half of the shore region is part of the Philadelphia metropolitan area, also known as the Delaware Valley. The Jersey Shore hosts the highest concentration of oceanside boardwalks in the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South Jersey</span> Geographic region of the U.S. state of New Jersey

South Jersey comprises the southern portion of the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is located between Pennsylvania and the lower Delaware River to its west, the Atlantic Ocean to its east, Delaware to its south, and Central Jersey or North Jersey to its north, depending on the definition of North Jersey.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Benny (slang)</span> Jersey Shore term for rude tourists

Benny is a pejorative term used by year-round residents of the Jersey Shore to describe stereotypically rude, flashy, loud tourists from North Jersey and New York.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Claridge Hotel (Atlantic City)</span> Hotel in New Jersey, United States

The Claridge is a historic hotel in Atlantic City, New Jersey, that opened in 1930. Beginning in 1981, Claridge's operated for many years as a casino, known first as "Del Webb's Claridge Hotel and Casino", then as "Claridge Hotel and Casino". The hotel was acquired by Bally's on December 30, 2002, as a hotel tower of Bally's Atlantic City. In February 2014, the property was acquired by TJM Properties of Clearwater, Florida, which returned the property to a stand-alone hotel without casino gambling.

Kentucky Avenue Renaissance Festival, also known as the Historical Kentucky Avenue Renaissance Festival, is a street fair held each summer in the former black entertainment district of Atlantic City, New Jersey. Founded in 1992, it appeared annually until 2001, and then resumed in 2011. Held on and around the site of the razed Club Harlem, the weekend fair commemorates the R&B and jazz nightspots that once lined Kentucky Avenue and that attracted both black and white clientele in its heyday from the 1940s through 1960s. The festival features live performances by R&B and jazz musicians and bands, dance performances, street performers, arts and crafts for children, and food concessions, and draws hundreds of attendees.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grace's Little Belmont</span>

Grace's Little Belmont was a jazz music bar and lounge in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Located at 37 North Kentucky Avenue, it was one of the four popular black nightclubs situated on that street between the mid-1930s and mid-1970s; the others were Club Harlem, the Paradise Club, and the Wonder Gardens. The Little Belmont was located across the street from Club Harlem, with which it often shared performers and patrons. Wild Bill Davis and his swing and jazz quartet were featured summer performers from 1950 through the mid-1960s, and Elvera M. "Baby" Sanchez, mother of Sammy Davis, Jr., worked at the bar. The club closed in the mid-1970s and was later demolished.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wash's Restaurant</span> Restaurant in New Jersey

Wash's Restaurant, later called Wash & Sons' Seafood Restaurant, Wash's Inn, and Wash's Catering, was an African-American family-owned and operated soul food restaurant that was in business for over 70 years, first in Atlantic City and then in Pleasantville, New Jersey. Established by Clifton and Alma Washington at 35 N. Kentucky Avenue, Atlantic City, in 1937, the original 20-seat location attained celebrity status for hosting the performers and patrons of the nightclubs in the Kentucky Avenue black entertainment district. The restaurant was known for its sausage sandwiches and soul food, and also served breakfast to customers leaving the 6 a.m. show at Club Harlem.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">North to Shore Festival</span> Annual arts and ideas festival held in New Jersey, USA

The North to Shore Festival is an annual three-week-long music, comedy, film and technology festival in New Jersey. The event is hosted in June by three New Jersey cities: Atlantic City, Asbury Park, and Newark.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">African American resorts</span>

During the decades of segregation in the United States, African Americans established various resorts. The resorts were self-contained commercial establishments. Varying resort accommodations included rooms for rent, meals and fine food, cocktail bars, dancing, sporting facilities, and beaches. Also in some cases entire communities were known as resort areas for African Americans. The Negro Motorist Green Book helped guide African Americans to accommodating and safe places, including Idlewild, Michigan, which was among the most well known.

African Americans make up more than a third of Atlantic City, New Jersey's population. Sarah Spencer Washington was a successful businesswoman and community leader. James Leroy Usry was the city's first Black mayor. Fannie Lou Hamer spoke at the 1964 Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City. Richlyn Faye Goddard wrote about the community and carried out oral history interviews.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">James Moody Jazz Festival</span> Annual jazz festival held in Newark, New Jersey, USA

The James Moody Jazz Festival is an annual jazz festival held in Newark, New Jersey.

The Exit Zero Jazz Festival is an biannual jazz festival held each spring and each fall in Cape May, New Jersey. Each installment typically runs for three days. Headliners perform on one of the two main stages, often at the Cape May Convention Hall, and additional performances take place in the bars and restaurants in Cape May. The non-profit Cape May Jazz Festival Foundation operates the festival. New Orleans-style second line parades are typically part of the event.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Northside, Atlantic City</span> United States historic place

The Northside was a historically African American neighborhood confined within an area of around one mile in the west side of Atlantic City. It was a neighborhood subject to the racial discrimination tactic of redlining, where investors did not invest in an area due to its demographics and prevented buildup of generational wealth. This led to many businesses and housing complexes being built by the government and wealthy black investors in the area, such as Leroy "Pop" Williams.

References

  1. NJ.com, Bill Duhart | For (February 14, 2021). "N.J. beach was the only one that allowed Black tourists, but they made it a hip place to be". nj.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  2. Stansfield, Charles A. (2004). Vacationing on the Jersey Shore: Guide to the Beach Resorts: Past and Present . Stackpole. p.  88. ISBN   9780811729703.
  3. "Charles Library's newest exhibition celebrates Atlantic City's historic Chicken Bone Beach". Temple Now | news.temple.edu. July 27, 2022.
  4. Scott, Ron (August 10, 2023). "Chicken Bone Beach, Dizzy's, Great Jazz on the Great Hill". New York Amsterdam News.
  5. "N.J. Beach was the only one that allowed Black tourists, but they made it a hip place to be". July 13, 2019.
  6. "State of the Arts | Chicken Bone Beach Jazz | Season 37 | Episode 7 | PBS" via www.pbs.org.
  7. Stephens, Ronald J. (February 12, 2014). "Chicken Bone Beach, Atlantic City, New Jersey (1900- )". BlackPast.org. Retrieved February 21, 2016.
  8. 1 2 Hopper, Dale. "Our History: Black History". ChickenBoneBeach.org. Retrieved February 21, 2016.
  9. Cunningham, John T.; Cole, Kenneth D. (2000). Atlantic City. Arcadia. p. 50. ISBN   9780738504261.
  10. Jones, Jae (December 1, 2022). "Atlantic City: How Missouri Avenue Beach Came to Be Known As".
  11. "Legacy of Chicken Bone Beach Lives Within Henrietta Shelton - Front Runner New Jersey". frontrunnernewjersey.com. October 22, 2019.
  12. "Chicken Bone Beach | New Jersey - CBBHFI".
  13. "Chicken Bone Beach: A Pictorial History of Atlantic City's Missouri Avenue Beach" via www.youtube.com.
  14. "Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on Chicken Bone Beach". digital.library.temple.edu.
  15. "Chicken Bone Beach Historical Marker". www.hmdb.org.
  16. "About Chicken Bone Beach Historical Foundation, Inc. | New Jersey".
  17. "Enjoy free jazz concerts every Thursday in AC - Shore Local Newsmagazine". July 13, 2023.
  18. 1 2 Writer, VINCENT JACKSON Staff (April 24, 2023). "Atlantic City's Chicken Bone Beach and Northside celebrated in new book". Press of Atlantic City.
  19. "NJ Casino Control Commission Recognizes Chicken Bone Beach Historical Foundation". December 7, 2023.
  20. "Henrietta Shelton discusses the Chicken Bone Beach Youth Jazz Institute" via www.youtube.com.
  21. Kellert, Mae (July 8, 2023). "History and Jazz on the Beach in Atlantic City". State Of The Arts - NJ.

39°21′15″N74°26′10″W / 39.3541°N 74.4362°W / 39.3541; -74.4362