Modal haplotype

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A modal haplotype is an ancestral haplotype derived from the DNA test results of a specific group of people, using genetic genealogy.

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The two most commonly discussed modal haplotypes are the Atlantic Modal Haplotype (the most common haplotype in parts of Europe, [1] associated with Haplogroup R1b) and the Cohen Modal Haplotype (the haplotype associated with the Jewish Cohanim tradition). However, a specific modal haplotype may be determined for any genealogical DNA test-based surname project or other test group.

List of modal haplotypes

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Y-chromosomal Aaron is the name given to the hypothesized most recent common ancestor of the patrilineal Jewish priestly caste known as Kohanim. According to the traditional understanding of the Hebrew Bible, this ancestor was Aaron, the brother of Moses.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup G-M201</span> Human Y chromosome DNA grouping common in western Eurasia

Haplogroup G (M201) is a human Y-chromosome haplogroup. It is one of two branches of the parent haplogroup GHIJK, the other being HIJK.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup J (Y-DNA)</span> Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup

Haplogroup J-M304, also known as J, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is believed to have evolved in Western Asia. The clade spread from there during the Neolithic, primarily into North Africa, the Horn of Africa, the Socotra Archipelago, the Caucasus, Europe, Anatolia, Central Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia.

In human genetics, the Atlantic modal haplotype (AMH) or haplotype 15 is a Y chromosome haplotype of Y-STR microsatellite variations, associated with the Haplogroup R1b. It was discovered prior to many of the SNPs now used to identify subclades of R1b and references to it can be found in some of the older literature. It corresponds most closely with subclade R1b1a2a1a(1) [L11].

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup C-M130</span> Human Y chromosome DNA grouping found primarily in Asia

Haplogroup C is a major Y-chromosome haplogroup, defined by UEPs M130/RPS4Y711, P184, P255, and P260, which are all SNP mutations. It is one of two primary branches of Haplogroup CF alongside Haplogroup F. Haplogroup C is found in ancient populations on every continent except Africa and is the predominant Y-DNA haplogroup among males belonging to many peoples indigenous to East Asia, Central Asia, Siberia, North America and Australia as well as a some populations in Europe, the Levant, and later Japan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup R1</span> Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup

Haplogroup R1, or R-M173, is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. A primary subclade of Haplogroup R (R-M207), it is defined by the SNP M173. The other primary subclade of Haplogroup R is Haplogroup R2 (R-M479).

Haplogroup R, or R-M207, is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is both numerous and widespread amongst modern populations.

Haplogroup R2a, or haplogroup R-M124, is a Y-chromosome haplogroup characterized by genetic markers M124, P249, P267, L266, and is mainly found in South Asia as well as in Central Asia, Caucasus, Southwest Asia, and the Arab countries with low frequencies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup J-M267</span> Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup

Haplogroup J-M267, also commonly known as Haplogroup J1, is a subclade (branch) of Y-DNA haplogroup J-P209 along with its sibling clade haplogroup J-M172.

A surname DNA project is a genetic genealogy project which uses genealogical DNA tests to trace male lineage.

Haplogroup I-M438, also known as I2, is a human DNA Y-chromosome haplogroup, a subclade of haplogroup I-M170. Haplogroup I-M438 originated some time around 26,000–31,000 BCE. It originated in Europe and developed into several main subgroups: I2-M438*, I2a-L460, I2b-L415 and I2c-L596. The haplogroup can be found all over Europe and reaches its maximum frequency in the Dinaric Alps (Balkans) via founder effect, related to the migrations of the Early Slavs to the Balkan peninsula.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup R1b</span> Type of paternal lineage

Haplogroup R1b (R-M343), previously known as Hg1 and Eu18, is a human Y-chromosome haplogroup.

In human genetics, Haplotype 35, also called ht35 or the Armenian Modal Haplotype, is a Y chromosome haplotype of Y-STR microsatellite variations, associated with the Haplogroup R1b. It is characterized by DYS393=12. The members of this haplotype are found in high numbers in Anatolia and Armenia, with smaller numbers throughout Central Asia, the Middle East, the Balkans, the Caucus Mountains, and in Jewish populations. They are also present in Britain in areas that were found to have a high concentration of Haplogroup J, suggesting they arrived together, perhaps through Roman soldiers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup G-M285</span>

In human genetics, Haplogroup G-M285 or G-M342, also known as Haplogroup G1, is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. Haplogroup G1 is a primary subclade of haplogroup G.

Haplogroup G-FGC7535, also known as Haplogroup G2a1, is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. It is an immediate descendant of G2a (G-P15), which is a primary branch of haplogroup G2 (P287).

In human genetics, Haplogroup G-P303 is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. It is a branch of haplogroup G (Y-DNA) (M201). In descending order, G-P303 is additionally a branch of G2 (P287), G2a (P15), G2a2, G2a2b, G2a2b2, and finally G2a2b2a. This haplogroup represents the majority of haplogroup G men in most areas of Europe west of Russia and the Black Sea. To the east, G-P303 is found among G persons across the Middle East, Iran, the southern Caucasus area, China, and India. G-P303 exhibits its highest diversity in the Levant.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup R-M167</span> Y-chromosome haplogroup

In human genetics, Haplogroup R-M167 (R1b1a1a2a1a2a1b1a1) is a Y-chromosome haplogroup which is a subdivision of Haplogroup R-DF27 and the wider haplogroup R-M269 defined by the presence of the marker M167.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Genetic history of the Iberian Peninsula</span> Ancestry of Spanish and Portuguese people

The ancestry of modern Iberians is consistent with the geographical situation of the Iberian Peninsula in the South-west corner of Europe, showing characteristics that are largely typical in Southern and Western Europeans. As is the case for most of the rest of Southern Europe, the principal ancestral origin of modern Iberians are Early European Farmers who arrived during the Neolithic. The large predominance of Y-Chromosome Haplogroup R1b, common throughout Western Europe, is also testimony to a sizeable input from various waves of Western Steppe Herders that originated in the Pontic-Caspian Steppe during the Bronze Age.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haplogroup R-M269</span> Gene group

Haplogroup R-M269 is the sub-clade of human Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b that is defined by the SNP marker M269. According to ISOGG 2020 it is phylogenetically classified as R1b1a1b. It underwent intensive research and was previously classified as R1b1a2, R1b1c, R1b1b2 and R1b1a1a2.

References

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  3. "NW Irish - ISOGG Wiki". isogg.org. Retrieved 2024-04-09.
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  6. Hammer, Michael F.; Behar, Doron M.; et al. (November 2009). "Extended Y chromosome haplotypes resolve multiple and unique lineages of the Jewish priesthood". Human Genetics. 126 (5): 707–717. doi:10.1007/s00439-009-0727-5. PMC   2771134 . PMID   19669163.
  7. Gusmão, Alfredo; Gusmão, Leonor; et al. (August 2008). "Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in a Gypsy population from Portugal". Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series. 1 (1): 212–213. doi:10.1016/j.fsigss.2007.10.180.
  8. Kharkov, V. N.; Khamina, K. V.; et al. (4 March 2014). "Gene pool of Buryats: Clinal variability and territorial subdivision based on data of Y-chromosome markers". Russian Journal of Genetics. 50 (2): 185. doi:10.1134/S1022795413110082.
  9. Adamov, Dmitry (2016). "The European Relatives of the Yakuts". Works of the Eurasian Society for Genetic Genealogy: Genetic History of Eurasian Populations. Izdatel'skie Resheniya. p. 38. ISBN   978-5-4474-8041-7.

See also