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Mauritania is a presidential democracy, but has suffered from repeated military coups since its independence in November 1960. For 18 years after independence, Mauritania was a one-party state under Moktar Ould Daddah. This was followed by decades of military rule. The first fully democratic presidential election in Mauritania occurred on 11 March 2007, which marked a transfer from military to civilian rule following the military coup in 2005. The election was won by Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi, who was ousted by another military coup in 2008 and replaced by general Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz. Mauretania underwent its first peaceful transition of power after the 2019 presidential election, although this was between two presidents of the ruling UPR party.
Col. Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidallah was the head of state of Mauritania from 4 January 1980 to 12 December 1984. He was an unsuccessful candidate in the 2003 presidential election and the 2007 presidential election.
The Military Council for Justice and Democracy was a supreme political body of Mauritania. It served as the country's interim government following the coup d'état which ousted the President Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya on 3 August 2005. It was led by the former Director of the national police force, Colonel Ely Ould Mohamed Vall. After seizing power, it quickly pledged to hold elections within two years and promised that none of its own members would run.
Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar is a Mauritanian politician who was Prime Minister of Mauritania, twice from 1992 to 1996 and again from 2005 to 2007.
Mauritania sent a delegation to compete at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia from 15 September to 1 October 2000. This was the African nation's fifth time competing at the Summer Olympic Games. The Mauritanian delegation consisted of two track and field athletes, Sidi Mohamed Ould Bidjel and Fatou Dieng. Neither advanced beyond the first round of their respective events.
Zeidane Ould Hmeida is a Mauritanian politician and former Minister of Oil and Energy.
The Republican Party for Democracy and Renewal is a political party in Mauritania. Formerly known as the Democratic and Social Republican Party, the party changed its identity and adjusted its political stance after the 2005 coup. Formerly very supportive of President Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya and his pro-Israeli policy, after the August 2005 coup, the party denounced Taya's policies and the mid-2006 Israeli military campaign in Lebanon.
Presidential elections were held in Mauritania on 11 March 2007. As no candidate received a majority of the votes, a second round was held on 25 March between the top two candidates, Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi and Ahmed Ould Daddah. Abdallahi won the second round with about 53% of the vote and took office in April.
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In December 1984, Haidallah was deposed by Colonel Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, who, while retaining tight military control, relaxed the political climate. Ould Taya moderated Mauritania's previous pro-Algerian stance, and re-established ties with Morocco during the late 1980s. He deepened these ties during the late 1990s and early 2000s as part of Mauritania's drive to attract support from Western states and Western-aligned Arab states. Mauritania has not rescinded its recognition of Polisario's Western Saharan exile government and remains on good terms with Algeria. Its position on the Western Sahara conflict has been, since the 1980s, one of strict neutrality.
Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz is a Mauritanian former politician who was the 8th President of Mauritania, in office from 2009 to 2019.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs is the national ministry of foreign affairs of Mauritania. It has its headquarters in Nouakchott, just to the northwest of the Nouakchott Convention Center complex.
The Archives Nationales de Mauritanie is the national archives of Mauritania. It was founded in 1955 and hold 3,000 volumes. As of 2007 it was located on Avenue de l'Indépendance. Directors have included Mohamed Ould Gaouad, Izidh Bih Ould Sidi Mohamed, and Mohamed Moctar Ould Sidi Mohamed.
Yahya Ould Hademine is a Mauritanian engineer and politician who served as Defense Minister of Mauritania. He served as the Prime Minister of Mauritania from August 21, 2014 to October 29, 2018.
The Meknes Royal Military Academy is the Moroccan Army officer initial training centre. Created by Sultan Muley Yusef in 1918 at Meknes, it is a unique military institution in North Africa, it was originally created to train the sons of the Moroccan elites close to the colonial administration to become army officers designed to lead the Moroccan troops and later become exercising administrative positions in the Makhzen like pachas, caïds or khalifas. In 1961, it became the Royal Military Academy, since then this institution has contributed to the training of many military and administrative cadres in Morocco and Africa.
Laâyoune-Sakia El Hamra is one of the twelve regions of Morocco. It is mainly located in the disputed territory of Western Sahara: the western part of the region is administered by Morocco and the eastern part by the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. The region as claimed by Morocco covers an area of 140,018 square kilometres (54,061 sq mi) and had a population of 367,758 as of the 2014 Moroccan census. The capital of the region is Laâyoune.
Ahmed Salim Ould Sidi was a Mauritanian military officer and political leader and acting Prime Minister of Mauritania between 28 and 31 May 1979.
Mohamed Ould Cheikh Mohamed Ahmed Ould Ghazouani, also known as Ghazouani and Ould Ghazouani, is a Mauritanian politician and retired Mauritanian Army general who is the 9th President of Mauritania, having assumed office on 1 August 2019.
Ould is an English surname and an Arabic name. In some Arabic dialects, particularly Hassaniya Arabic, ولد is transliterated as Ould. Most Mauritanians have patronymic surnames.
The 1981 Mauritanian coup attempt was a violent coup attempt in Mauritania which took place on 16 March 1981. The coup attempt, staged by elements of the military and opposition Alliance for a Democratic Mauritania (AMD) movement, was led by Lieutenant Colonel Ahmed Salim Ould Sidi and Lieutenant Colonel Mohamed Abdelkader, and resulted in heavy fighting in the capital Nouakchott, before conspirators were defeated by troops loyal to the Head of State, Colonel Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla.
References
- ↑ "Mauritania increases oil prices". Panapress. 2006-02-01. Retrieved 2010-01-17.
- ↑ "MOHAMED ALI OULD SIDI MOHAMED – Ministre de l'équipement et des Transports | Ministère de l'Equipement et des Transports". www.transports.gov.mr. Retrieved 2023-12-12.
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