Professor Mohamed Thameur Chaibi | |
|---|---|
| Nationality |  Tunisia |
| Education | National Institute of Agronomy Netherlands International Institute for Management |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Water resources engineering Solar thermal processes Climate technologies |
| Institutions | National Research Institute for Agricultural Engineering |
Mohamed Thameur Chaibi is a Tunisian professor of Rural Engineering at the National Research Institute for Agricultural Engineering.
Chaibi obtained his Engineering diploma in Rural Development with honours from the High School of Rural Equipment in Tunisia in 1984, before specialising in Hydraulic and Rural Engineering at the National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia in 1987. In 1992, he obtained a postgraduate diploma from the Netherlands International Institute for Management. Then he received a Master of Science degree in Agriculture Bio-systems and technologies from the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences in 1997. Chaibi completed his Doctor of Philosophy in Agriculture and Climate Technologies at the same university in 2003, before returning to Tunisia in 2005, and hablitate in Environmental Sciences at the Institution for Agricultural Research and High Education. [1] [2] [3] [4]
Chaibi was the Head of the Department of Rural Engineering at the National Research Institute for Agricultural Engineering, Water and Forestry (INRGREF). He was a GIZ Senior advisor for the Pan African University Institute of Water and Energy Sciences, and a senior expert in S&T at the African Union Commission. He is currently a professor and a director of research at the INRGREF and a member of the editorial board of Resources and Environment. Chaibi served in various capacities as an associate member of the Environmental Security panel under the NATO Science for Peace and Security and the European Commission Frameworks Programs. [5]
Chaibi research focuses on solar thermal processes, [6] solar desalination, [7] energy systems analysis, [8] climate technologies, [9] and water resources engineering. [10] [11]
Chaibi was elected a Fellow of the African Academy of Sciences (FAAS) in 2006, [2] a Fellow of The World Academy of Sciences (FTWAS) in 2009, [1] and a Fellow of the Islamic World Academy of Sciences (FIAS) in 2016. [3] He was a member of the Governing Council of the African Academy of Sciences (North Africa Region) in 2010. [5]
Desalination is a process that takes away mineral components from saline water. More generally, desalination is the removal of salts and minerals from a target substance, as in soil desalination, which is an issue for agriculture. Saltwater is desalinated to produce water suitable for human consumption or irrigation. The by-product of the desalination process is brine. Desalination is used on many seagoing ships and submarines. Most of the modern interest in desalination is focused on cost-effective provision of fresh water for human use. Along with recycled wastewater, it is one of the few rainfall-independent water resources.
Geothermal desalination refers to the process of using geothermal energy to power the process of converting salt water to fresh water. The process is considered economically efficient, and while overall environmental impact is uncertain, it has potential to be more environmentally friendly compared to conventional desalination options. Geothermal desalination plants have already been successful in various regions, and there is potential for further development to allow the process to be used in an increased number of water scarce regions.
Ultrafiltration (UF) is a variety of membrane filtration in which forces such as pressure or concentration gradients lead to a separation through a semipermeable membrane. Suspended solids and solutes of high molecular weight are retained in the so-called retentate, while water and low molecular weight solutes pass through the membrane in the permeate (filtrate). This separation process is used in industry and research for purifying and concentrating macromolecular (103–106 Da) solutions, especially protein solutions.
Physical plant, mechanical plant or industrial plant refers to the necessary infrastructure used in operation and maintenance of a given facility. The operation of these facilities, or the department of an organization which does so, is called "plant operations" or facility management. Industrial plant should not be confused with "manufacturing plant" in the sense of "a factory". This is a holistic look at the architecture, design, equipment, and other peripheral systems linked with a plant required to operate or maintain it.
Solar desalination is a desalination technique powered by solar energy. The two common methods are direct (thermal) and indirect (photovoltaic).
Off-the-grid or off-grid is a characteristic of buildings and a lifestyle designed in an independent manner without reliance on one or more public utilities. The term "off-the-grid" traditionally refers to not being connected to the electrical grid, but can also include other utilities like water, gas, and sewer systems, and can scale from residential homes to small communities. Off-the-grid living allows for buildings and people to be self-sufficient, which is advantageous in isolated locations where normal utilities cannot reach and is attractive to those who want to reduce environmental impact and cost of living. Generally, an off-grid building must be able to supply energy and potable water for itself, as well as manage food, waste and wastewater.
Osmotic power, salinity gradient power or blue energy is the energy available from the difference in the salt concentration between seawater and river water. Two practical methods for this are reverse electrodialysis (RED) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO). Both processes rely on osmosis with membranes. The key waste product is brackish water. This byproduct is the result of natural forces that are being harnessed: the flow of fresh water into seas that are made up of salt water.
Dewvaporation is a novel desalination technology developed at Arizona State University (Tempe) as an energy efficient tool for freshwater procurement and saline waste stream management. The system has relatively low installation costs and low operation and maintenance requirements.
Evaporation ponds are artificial ponds with very large surface areas that are designed to efficiently evaporate water by sunlight and expose water to the ambient temperatures. Evaporation ponds are inexpensive to design making it ideal for multiple purposes such as wastewater treatment processes, storage, and extraction of minerals. Evaporation ponds differ in usage and result in a wide range of environmental and health effects.
A solar-powered desalination unit produces potable water from saline water through direct or indirect methods of desalination powered by sunlight. Solar energy is the most promising renewable energy source due to its ability to drive the more popular thermal desalination systems directly through solar collectors and to drive physical and chemical desalination systems indirectly through photovoltaic cells.
Bittern, or nigari, is the salt solution formed when halite precipitates from seawater or brines. Bitterns contain magnesium, calcium, and potassium ions as well as chloride, sulfate, iodide, and other ions.
Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification process that uses a semi-permeable membrane to separate water molecules from other substances. RO applies pressure to overcome osmotic pressure that favors even distributions. RO can remove dissolved or suspended chemical species as well as biological substances, and is used in industrial processes and the production of potable water. RO retains the solute on the pressurized side of the membrane and the purified solvent passes to the other side. It relies on the relative sizes of the various molecules to decide what passes through. "Selective" membranes reject large molecules, while accepting smaller molecules.
Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) is a technique to separate a solvent from a solution that is more concentrated and also pressurized. A semipermeable membrane allows the solvent to pass to the concentrated solution side by osmosis. The technique can be used to generate power from the salinity gradient energy resulting from the difference in the salt concentration between sea and river water. In PRO, the water potential between fresh water and sea water corresponds to a pressure of 26 bars. This pressure is equivalent to a column of water 270 meters high. However, the optimal working pressure is only half of this, 11 to 15 bar.
Energy in Libya describes energy and electricity production, consumption, and import in Libya. The petroleum industry is the primary engine of the Libyan economy.
Water resource policy, sometimes called water resource management or water management, encompasses the policy-making processes and legislation that affect the collection, preparation, use, disposal, and protection of water resources. Water is a necessity for all forms of life as well as industries on which humans are reliant, like technology development and agriculture. This global need for clean water access necessitates water resource policy to determine the means of supplying and protecting water resources. Water resource policy varies by region and is dependent on water availability or scarcity, the condition of aquatic systems, and regional needs for water. Since water basins do not align with national borders, water resource policy is also determined by international agreements, also known as hydropolitics. Water quality protection also falls under the umbrella of water resource policy; laws protecting the chemistry, biology, and ecology of aquatic systems by reducing and eliminating pollution, regulating its usage, and improving the quality are considered water resource policy. When developing water resource policies, many different stakeholders, environmental variables, and considerations have to be taken to ensure the health of people and ecosystems are maintained or improved. Finally, ocean zoning, coastal, and environmental resource management are also encompassed by water resource management, like in the instance of offshore wind land leasing.
Membrane distillation (MD) is a thermally driven separation process in which separation is driven by phase change. A hydrophobic membrane presents a barrier for the liquid phase, allowing the vapour phase to pass through the membrane's pores. The driving force of the process is a partial vapour pressure difference commonly triggered by a temperature difference.
Hollow fiber membranes (HFMs) are a class of artificial membranes containing a semi-permeable barrier in the form of a hollow fiber. Originally developed in the 1960s for reverse osmosis applications, hollow fiber membranes have since become prevalent in water treatment, desalination, cell culture, medicine, and tissue engineering. Most commercial hollow fiber membranes are packed into cartridges which can be used for a variety of liquid and gaseous separations.
Membrane scaling is when one or more sparingly soluble salts precipitate and form a dense layer on the membrane surface in reverse osmosis (RO) applications. Figures 1 and 2 show scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the RO membrane surface without and with scaling, respectively. Membrane scaling, like other types of membrane fouling, increases energy costs due to higher operating pressure, and reduces permeate water production. Furthermore, scaling may damage and shorten the lifetime of membranes due to frequent membrane cleanings and therefore it is a major operational challenge in RO applications.
Abdin Mohamed Ali SalihFAAS FTWAS FIWRA a Sudanese Civil Engineering Professor at the University of Khartoum and a UNESCO expert in Water Resources.
Mohamed T. El-Ashry was the first Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Global Environment Facility (GEF), and subsequently a Senior Fellow with the UN Foundation.
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