Mong Prue Sain was the king of the Mong Circle, one of three circles; the others being the Chakma Circle and the Bohmong Circle. [1] He was a member of the Central Committee of Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League, the one-party government of Bangladesh created by the Awami League, and governor of Khagrachari District.
Sain had fought in the Bangladesh Liberation war and helped settled refugees displaced by the war. [2] After the end of Bangladesh Liberation war, he served as the Tribal Affairs advisor to the new government. [3] He protested the detention of tribals for allegedly collaborating with the Pakistan Army. [3] He and Manabendra Narayan Larma handed over a memorandum to President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman demanding autonomy for indigenous tribes in the Chittagong Hill Tracks in 1972. [4]
After President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman created the one party BAKSAL state, he appointed Sain as a member of the Central Committee in 1975. [2] The government appointed him Governor of Khagrachari District. [5]
Sain reigned till his death in 1984 and was succeeded by his wife, Rani Nihar Devi. [6] Their foster daughter, Princes Unika Devi, succeeded her and ruled for two year until the government removed her due her being a foster child. [6] She was replaced by Paihala Prue Chowdhury, then a district information officer, in 1996. [6] His daughter challenged the decision in court and lost. [6] [7]
An annual scholarship, Freedom Fighter Mong Circle Chief Mong Prue Sain Stipend, named after him is awarded to students from Khagrachari District. [8] Mong Circle Chief Mong Prue Sain Award is also named after him. [9]
Raja Tridiv Roy sometimes spelled Tridev Roy, was a Pakistani politician, diplomat and writer who was the Minister of the Minority Affairs in Zulfikar Ali Bhutto cabinet. He was also the 50th Raja/King of the Chakma tribe in the Chittagong Hill Tracts region of present-day Bangladesh from 2 May 1953, until his abdication in 1971 following the Bangladesh Liberation War. He chose to remain a Pakistani when Bangladesh achieved independence in 1971. He became known as a writer, diplomat, Buddhist religious leader and politician in Pakistan.
Buddhism is the third-largest religious affiliation and formed about 0.63% of the population of Bangladesh. It is said that Buddha once in his life came to this region of East Bengal to spread his teachings and he was successful in converting the local people to Buddhism, specially in the Chittagong division and later on Pala empire propagate and patronized Buddhist religion throughout the Bengal territory. About 1 million people in Bangladesh adhere to the Theravada school of Buddhism. Over 65% of the Buddhist population is concentrated in the Chittagong Hill Tracts region, where it is the predominant faith of the Rakhine, Chakma, Marma, Tanchangya, other Jumma people and the Barua. The remaining 35% are Bengali Buddhists. Buddhist communities are present in the urban centers of Bangladesh, particularly Chittagong and Dhaka.
Mohammad Abdul Hannan was a politician of Bangladesh.
Khagrachari is a district in the Chittagong Division of Southeastern Bangladesh. It is a part of the Chittagong Hill Tracts region.
The Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League was a political front comprising the Bangladesh Awami League, the Communist Party of Bangladesh, the National Awami Party (Muzaffar) and Bangladesh Jatiya League.
Shawkat Ali was a politician and a leader of the Bengali Language Movement. He was one of the founders of Awami Muslim League - which later became the Awami League and is now the Bangladesh Awami League. He was a member of all three Rastrabhasa Sangram Parishad. He was also the Chief Organizer of the Dhaka City Awami League during the 1950s. His house in 150, Chawk Moghultuly, Dhaka was the center for many activities and meetings during the Language Movement. He died of a stroke on August 18, 1975. He is buried in Jurain graveyard in Dhaka.
Sheikh Fazlul Haque Moni was a Bangladeshi politician. He was one of the nephews of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the founding father of Bangladesh. He was the founder of Mujib Bahini Bangladesh Liberation Force-BLF one of the major guerrilla forces of the Bangladesh Liberation War and also the founder of Bangladesh Awami Jubo League, the youth wing of Bangladesh Awami League.
Manabendra Narayan Larma, also known as M.N. Larma, was a Jumma Chakma politician and member of parliament of Bangladesh. A leading proponent of the rights of the people of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, he was the founding leader of the Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti and its armed wing, the Shanti Bahini.
In Bangladesh an MP Hostel is a residential building where member of the parliament can live there individually or with his family. In Tejgaon area of Dhaka city there was an MP Hostel during Pakistan Regime, it is located in West Nakhalpara.
Charu Bikash Chakma is a Bangladeshi Chakma politician who was one of the senior leaders of the political movement of the Chittagong Hill Tracts and co-founder of the Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti. He was an Awami League candidate in the 1970 Pakistani general election but lost to Manabendra Narayan Larma, his close friend. He met the government of independent Bangladesh in December 1971 in a failed bid to secure constitutional safeguards for indigenous people of Bangladesh. He was a leader of the Chakma Jubak Samity.
The Insurgency in the Chittagong Hill Tracts refers to a political and armed conflict that occurred in Bangladesh in two phases:
Chittagong Hill Tracts Regulation, 1900 popularly known as Chittagong Hill Tracts manual is a manual enacted by the then British India Government describing how to administer Chittagong Hill Tracts of present-day eastern Bangladesh. It was adopted in place of earlier manuals, after the government realised that the act of 1860 would not work satisfactorily. Since the adoption of the manual, the administration of Chittagong Hill Tracts was carried on in accordance with the rules of the manual.
The Jumma people is a term usually referred to the minority tribal group of people of the Chittagong Hill Tracts region of Bangladesh, who used to claim a separate state called Jummaland. They include the Chakma, Arakanese (Rakhine), Marma, Tripuri, Tanchangya, Chak, Pankho, Mru, Bawm, Lushai, Khyang, and Khumi.
The Chakma Circle, also known as the Chakma Raj, is one of three hereditary chiefdoms in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of modern-day Bangladesh. The Chakma Circle encompasses parts of Rangamati Hill District and Dighinala and Rajasthali Upazilas in neighbouring Khagrachari District and Bandarban District respectively. The chiefdom's members are of Chakma descent.
The Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh was the constituent assembly of Bangladesh. It was the country's provisional parliament between 1971 and 1973. In 1972, it drafted and adopted the Constitution of Bangladesh. The assembly was dominated by the Awami League, with a minority being independent lawmakers.
Bhupati Bhushan Chowdhury was a Bangladesh Politician and businessman. He was awarded Independence Day Award in 2018 posthumously by the Government of Bangladesh.
The Mong Circle is one of three hereditary chiefdoms in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of modern-day Bangladesh. The jurisdiction of the Mong Circle encompasses parts of Khagrachhari District. The chiefdom's members are of Marma descent and are known as phalansa. Most inhabitants of the Mong Circle settled in the northwest during a migration wave from the Kingdom of Mrauk U between the 16th and 18th centuries, while inhabitants of the other Marma chiefdom, the Bohmong Circle settled in the south and are known as ragraisa.
The Bohmong Circle is one of three hereditary chiefdoms in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of modern-day Bangladesh. The jurisdiction of the Bohmong Circle encompasses parts of Bandarban District. The chiefdom's members are of Marma descent and are known as ragraisa. Most inhabitants of the Mong Circle settled in the south during a migration wave from the Kingdom of Mrauk U between the 16th and 18th centuries, while inhabitants of the other Marma chiefdom, the Mong Circle, settled in the northwest and are known as phalansa (ဖလံသား).
Maung Shwe Prue Chowdhury is a Jatiya Party (Ershad) politician and a former member of parliament for Bandarban District.
The three districts of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bandarban, Rangamati and Khagrachari, still have monarchs. In 1860, the British government divided the Chittagong Hill Tracts into three circles, Chakma, Bomang and Mong. Bomang Circle is located in Bandarban, Chakma Circle in Rangamati and Mong Circle in Khagrachari. The monarchs of these three districts are known as three kings. For hundreds of years, the people of the Chittagong Hill Tracts have been following the orders of the three kings. But the kings do not have much power now. Their activities are limited to issuing permanent resident certificates, tax collection, some social justice, arbitration meetings. But the three kings have a long history.