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The Mongolicae Legationis Commentarius (Ambassador to the court of the Great Mogul) is a travel book written by the Catalan Jesuit Antoni de Montserrat between 1589 and 1600, which describes the vicissitudes experienced during the travels that the author carried out when he was sent as ambassador to the court of the great Mughal. [1] In her account, Montserrat records the experiences, the peoples, the cultures and the geography that she was able to observe on her journey from the capital of the Mughal Empire, Fatehpur Sikri, to Afghanistan, passing through the current Indian states from Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu, the Punjab region, Pakistan or the Himalayan ranges and the Hindu Kush.
The book is of great interest because it gives news for the first time of regions, ethnicities, religions, cultures and traditions unknown until then in the West, such as those of the Himalayas, which precisely motivated the Portuguese expedition of António de Andrade in Tibet - the first European - in 1624. [2]
The Mongolicae Legationis Commentarius is complemented by a miniature map widely recognized for its great value and accuracy, which gave it validity until the segle xix and considered the author of the first roof map of the world. [3] Although it is generally known as the "Map of the Himalayas", the truth is that Montserrat gives much more extensive descriptions that include India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Tibet. [3]
In 1582, Montserrat returned to Goa, where he began to write the chronicle in Latin, which he finished after he was released from his captivity, finishing it shortly before his death. It is not clear whether Montserrat wrote the book in Latin or in Portuguese - like Relaçam de Equebar, rei dos mogoras - although only a Latin version has survived.
Josep Puig i Cadafalch was a Catalan Modernista architect who designed many significant buildings in Barcelona, and a politician who had a significant role in the development of Catalan institutions. He was the architect of the Casa Martí, which became a place of ideas, projects and social gatherings for such well-known Catalans as Santiago Rusiñol and Ramon Casas.
António de Andrade, also known as António d'Andrade or Andrada, was a Jesuit priest and explorer from Portugal. He entered the Society of Jesus in 1596. From 1600 until his death in 1634, he was engaged in missionary activity in India. Andrade was the first known European to have crossed the Himalayas and reached Tibet, establishing the first Catholic mission on Tibetan soil.
This is a chronology of the early European exploration of Asia.
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Ippolito Desideri, SJ was an Italian Jesuit missionary and traveller and the most famous of the early European missionaries who founded Catholic Church in Tibet. He was also the first documented Tibetologist and the first European to have successfully studied both Classical and Standard Tibetan.
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Antoni Rubió i Lluch was a Spanish historian and intellectual, and a Catalan patriot influenced by the Catalan Renaissance. A Hellenist and a medievalist, he left his mark on the study of the Catalan presence in fourteenth-century Greece.
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Murad Mirza was a Mughal prince as the second surviving son of Mughal Emperor Akbar and his mother was a royal concubine. He was raised by Salima Sultan Begum until age of 5. He was the maternal grandfather of Nadira Banu Begum, wife of Prince Dara Shikoh.
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Montserrat Torrent i Serra is a Spanish organist.
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Josep Lluís Alay i Rodríguez is a professor of Asian history at the University of Barcelona and chief of staff of Carles Puigdemont. He is the director of the Tibet and Central Asia Observatory and lecturer in Contemporary History of Tibet and Mongolia. He was the first Catalan writer to have translated a text written in Tibetan language and was responsible for the publication of Les poesies d’amor del sisè dalai-lama del Tibet, of which he was the translator as well as author of the Prologue and Notes. In 2002 he recovered the written work of the Jesuit missionary Antoni de Montserrat and reconstructed his three-year journey through territories now comprised by India, Pakistan and Afghanistan. Since 2004 he has headed around ten projects of cooperation in Tibet, working in the spheres of education and health. He has vastly published on the Tibet question and his last works on this issue are Arrels del Tibet and Tibet, el país de la neu en flames.
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Antoni Comas i Pujol was a literary historian and literary critic, member of the Institut d'Estudis Catalans and elected member of the Acadèmia de Bones Lletres. He married Dolors Lamarca with whom he had three daughters.
Antoni de Montserrat was a Catalan Jesuit trained in Portugal who in 1574 was assigned to the mission of the Portuguese colony of Goa, in India, from where he would travel for the most part of Central Asia and the Arabian Peninsula. This traveler and scholar recorded his travels in four manuscripts, of which only two are preserved, the Mongolicae Legationis Commentarius, in Latin, and Relaçam do Equebar, rei dos mogoras, in Portuguese, referring to his stay in the court of the great mogul Akbar.