Moninya Roughan is a professor of Oceanography at the University of New South Wales Australia, [1] . Roughan is the head of the Coastal and Regional Oceanography Lab [2] and is an authority on the oceanography of the East Australian Current. [3] She has led major projects for industry, government, the Australian Research Council and the New Zealand Ministry of Business Innovation and Employment. She has held leadership roles in Australia's Integrated Marine Observing System since 2007.
Roughan researches the dynamics of western boundary currents, ocean eddies and their interactions with the coastal ocean. She is an expert in marine heatwaves, dynamics of coastal ocean circulation, nutrient enrichment processes and their biological impact. [4] [5] [6] She is primarily focussed on the East Australian Current System a warming western boundary current and its effects on the waters of the continental shelf. [7] The work involves the use of observations and numerical models. [8]
Roughan grew up in Ku-ring-gai Council area of Sydney Australia, a granddaughter of Winsome Andrew, one of Australia's award winning and first female architects, and great grand daughter of Captain E. H. Andrew, first master of the wool clipper Cromdale.[ citation needed ]
She attended Loreto College, Normanhurst where she was Barry House Music captain. [9]
She earned a BSc (Honours Class 1) in Oceanography at the University of New South Wales in 1998 [1] and a PhD in Oceanography at the University of New South Wales in 2002. [1]
During 2017–2019, Roughan worked in industry, most recently as Head of Research Partnerships for the NZ Meteorological Service. [10]
Roughan was promoted to associate professor in 2015 and Professor in 2019. [11] One of three first female professors in the school of mathematics and statistics at UNSW with Frances Kuo and Catherine Greenhill [11] and one of the first two female Oceanography professors in Australia with Katrin Meissner. [12]
Roughan's work has been funded by the Australia Research Council, Australian Marine National Facility, Australian Federal and State Government programs, the New Zealand Ministry of Business Industry and Education, the US Office of Naval Research. She also undertakes contracted research and consultancy. [13]
Recent work has focussed on drivers of ocean warming in the East Australian Current and drivers of ocean warming in the western boundary currents of the Southern Hemisphere. [14]
Since 2006, Roughan has taken a key role in the design, deployment and ongoing development of one of the most comprehensive ocean observing systems in the southern hemisphere through her involvement in Australia's Integrated Marine Observing System. She has served on the NSW-IMOS leadership team since inception, including serving as leader and deputy leader of NSW IMOS node from 2007–2013 and a continuing member of the National Coastal Mooring Network Steering Committee. She leads the NSW-IMOS moorings sub-facility responsible for the continued deployment and maintenance of up to 10 oceanographic moorings along the coast of SE Australia. She continues to lead the science driving the deployment of ocean gliders and radar along the length of the East Australian Current. In recognition of her contribution to ocean observing she was invited to join the scientific programme committee for Ocean Obs2019, a once per decade conference on Ocean Observing. [15]
Roughan was inaugural director of the Moana Project from 2017–2020 where she led the design, funding and implementation of an $11.5M MBIE project to investigate Marine heatwaves and ocean dynamics around New Zealand. [16] [17] [18] [19]
Roughan led a 24 day voyage on the RV Investigator Australia's Marine National Facility in Austral Spring 2023 (IN2023_V06) [20] funded by a large Australian Research Council Discovery Project Grant. [21] The voyage was noted as being one of the first investigations of ocean eddies in conjunction with a new satellite SWOT. [22] Additionally the voyage provided new insight into the dynamics and evolution of large ocean eddies. [23]
Roughan has previously led research voyages aboard several of Australia's Marine National Facility research vessels including the RV Investigator IN2015 V03 (Brisbane- Sydney) [24] and the RV Southern Surveyor ST 02/2006 (Sydney–Noumea). [25]
She has also participated in two scientific cruises to the Antarctic: Antarctic Astrolabe 2000 [26] and the RV Aurora Australis.
Roughan was aboard the Aurora Australis on its first winter voyage to the Antarctic, a seven-week expedition to explore, the Mertz Glacier Polynya, when a fire broke out in the engine room while the ship was deep within the ice. [27] [28]
Roughan served on the Australian Marine National Facility Research Advisory Committee from 2017-2023. [29]
[ citation needed ]
Roughan was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of New South Wales [30] in 2022. Her other awards include:
A continental shelf is a portion of a continent that is submerged under an area of relatively shallow water, known as a shelf sea. Much of these shelves were exposed by drops in sea level during glacial periods. The shelf surrounding an island is known as an insular shelf.
The Kuroshio Current, also known as the Black or Japan Current or the Black Stream, is a north-flowing, warm ocean current on the west side of the North Pacific Ocean basin. It was named for the deep blue appearance of its waters. Similar to the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic, the Kuroshio is a powerful western boundary current that transports warm equatorial water poleward and forms the western limb of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Off the East Coast of Japan, it merges with the Oyashio Current to form the North Pacific Current.
John Alexander Church is an expert on sea level and its changes. He was co-convening lead author for the chapter on Sea Level in the IPCC Third Assessment Report. He was also a co-convening lead author for the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report. He is a member of the Joint Scientific Committee of the WCRP. He was a project leader at CSIRO, until 2016. He is currently a professor with the University of New South Wales' Climate Change Research Centre.
Parameterization in a weather or climate model is a method of replacing processes that are too small-scale or complex to be physically represented in the model by a simplified process. This can be contrasted with other processes—e.g., large-scale flow of the atmosphere—that are explicitly resolved within the models. Associated with these parameterizations are various parameters used in the simplified processes. Examples include the descent rate of raindrops, convective clouds, simplifications of the atmospheric radiative transfer on the basis of atmospheric radiative transfer codes, and cloud microphysics. Radiative parameterizations are important to both atmospheric and oceanic modeling alike. Atmospheric emissions from different sources within individual grid boxes also need to be parameterized to determine their impact on air quality.
The Journal of Geophysical Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal. It is the flagship journal of the American Geophysical Union. It contains original research on the physical, chemical, and biological processes that contribute to the understanding of the Earth, Sun, and Solar System. It has seven sections: A, B, C (Oceans), D (Atmospheres), E (Planets), F, and G (Biogeosciences). All current and back issues are available online for subscribers.
The World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) was a component of the international World Climate Research Program, and aimed to establish the role of the World Ocean in the Earth's climate system. WOCE's field phase ran between 1990 and 1998, and was followed by an analysis and modeling phase that ran until 2002. When the WOCE was conceived, there were three main motivations for its creation. The first of these is the inadequate coverage of the World Ocean, specifically in the Southern Hemisphere. Data was also much more sparse during the winter months than the summer months, and there was—and still to some extent—a critical need for data covering all seasons. Secondly, the data that did exist was not initially collected for studying ocean circulation and was not well suited for model comparison. Lastly, there were concerns involving the accuracy and reliability of some measurements. The WOCE was meant to address these problems by providing new data collected in ways designed to "meet the needs of global circulation models for climate prediction."
The Somali Current is a warm ocean boundary current that runs along the coast of Somalia and Oman in the Western Indian Ocean and is analogous to the Gulf Stream in the Atlantic Ocean. This current is heavily influenced by the monsoons and is the only major upwelling system that occurs on a western boundary of an ocean. The water that is upwelled by the current merges with another upwelling system, creating one of the most productive ecosystems in the ocean.
Trevor John McDougallFAGU is a physical oceanographer specialising in ocean mixing and the thermodynamics of seawater. He is Emeritus Scientia Professor of Ocean Physics in the School of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, and is Past President of the International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans (IAPSO) of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics.
RV Sprightly was a 42m research vessel owned by the Australian Commonwealth Scientific Research Organisation (CSIRO). Sprightly originally served as a salvage tug in the North Atlantic in World War II. Following the war it was purchased by the CSIRO where it spent 40 years on scientific duties before being retired and replaced by the RV Franklin.
A marine heatwave is a period of abnormally high ocean temperatures relative to the average seasonal temperature in a particular marine region. Marine heatwaves are caused by a variety of factors, including shorter term weather phenomena such as fronts, intraseasonal, annual, or decadal modes like El Niño events, and longer term changes like climate change. Marine heatwaves can have biological impacts on ecosystems at individual, population, and community levels. MHVs have lead to severe biodiversity changes such as coral bleaching, sea star wasting disease, harmful algal blooms, and mass mortality of benthic communities. Unlike heatwaves on land, marine heatwaves can extend for millions of square kilometers, persist for weeks to months or even years, and occur at subsurface levels.
Sarah Fawcett is a South African oceanographer and climatologist. A senior lecturer in the Department of Oceanography at the University of Cape Town, she is particularly interested in the role of oceans in regulating biogeochemical cycles and how their dysregulation contributes to climate change. She was honoured in the World Economic Forum Young Scientists Class of 2020, and a P-Rating from the National Research Foundation, which recognizes that the scientist's work will likely have high impact.
Catherine G. Constable is an Australian earth scientist who is a professor at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Her research considers palaeo- and geo-magnetism. Constable was awarded the American Geophysical Union William Gilbert Award in 2013 and elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2017.
Ann Gargett is a Canadian oceanographer known for her research on measuring turbulence and its impact on biological processes in marine ecosystems.
Seismic oceanography is a form of acoustic oceanography, in which sound waves are used to study the physical properties and dynamics of the ocean. It provides images of changes in the temperature and salinity of seawater. Unlike most oceanographic acoustic imaging methods, which use sound waves with frequencies greater than 10,000 Hz, seismic oceanography uses sound waves with frequencies lower than 500 Hz. Use of low-frequency sound means that seismic oceanography is unique in its ability to provide highly detailed images of oceanographic structure that span horizontal distances of hundreds of kilometres and which extend from the sea surface to the seabed. Since its inception in 2003, seismic oceanography has been used to image a wide variety of oceanographic phenomena, including fronts, eddies, thermohaline staircases, turbid layers and cold methane seeps. In addition to providing spectacular images, seismic oceanographic data have given quantitative insight into processes such as movement of internal waves and turbulent mixing of seawater.
Scott Doney is a marine scientist at the University of Virginia known for his work on biogeochemical modeling. Doney is the Joe D. and Helen J. Kington Professor in Environmental Change, a fellow of the American Geophysical Union, the American Association for the Advancement of Science., and the Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography. He is currently serving as the Assistant Director for Ocean Climate Science and Policy in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy.
Mary-Louise Elizabeth Timmermans is a marine scientist known for her work on the Arctic Ocean. She is the Damon Wells Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Yale University.
Galen Anile McKinley is a professor at Columbia University and the Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory known for her work in the carbon cycle, particularly in the use of models to study the interface between the ocean and the atmosphere.
Rebecca Woodgate is a professor at the University of Washington known for her work on ocean circulation in polar regions.
The Lofoten Vortex, also called Lofoten Basin Vortex or Lofoten Basin Eddy, is a permanent oceanic anticyclonic eddy, located in the northern part of the Norwegian Sea, off the coast of the Lofoten archipelago. It was documented for the first time in the 1970s.
Patricia Ana Matrai is a marine scientist known for her work on the cycling of sulfur. She is a senior research scientist at Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences.
This article needs additional or more specific categories .(September 2021) |