Morabaraba

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Morabaraba
Morabaraba board.svg
Morabaraba gameboard; pieces move from intersection to intersection along marked lines
Genres Board game, abstract strategy game
Players2
Setup time< 1 minute
Playing time< 1 hour
ChanceNone
Age rangeAny
Skills Strategy, tactics
SynonymsMlabalaba, mmela, muravava, umlabalaba, mororova

Morabaraba is a traditional two-player strategy board game played in South Africa and Botswana with a slightly different variation played in Lesotho. This game is known by many names in many languages, including mlabalaba, mmela (in Setswana), muravava, and umlabalaba. The game is similar to twelve men's morris, a variation on the Roman board game nine men's morris.

Contents

While some believe that morabaraba was introduced to Southern Africa by British settlers, morris variants exist in many parts of the world, e.g., India (char bhar), Ghana (achi), Kenya (shisimia), Somalia ( shax ), Zimbabwe (tsoro yemutwelve), Iran(dooz), the Philippines (tapatan) and Mongolia (gurgaldaj). It is claimed that morabaraba boards carved in rock are dated to be at least 800 years old, which would exclude a European origin. However, many rock art images do not actually show morabaraba, but the mancala -type game of moruba (using rows of cupules).

Morabaraba is today most popular amongst rural African youth in Southern Africa. In the traditional European games like nine men's morris, the counters are commonly referred to as "men", but in the South African game the counters are referred to as "cows", the game being particularly popular amongst youth who herd cattle.

According to the OxfordDictionaries.com , the term morabaraba is derived from the Southern Sotho moraba-raba, meaning 'to mill' or 'to go round in a circle'. [1]

Gameplay

Morabaraba is accessible and easy to learn, and games can be played quickly, but the strategic and tactical aspects of the game run deep. While it may be played on specially produced boards (or simulated by computer software as a video game, it is simple enough that a board can easily be scratched on a stone or into sand, with coins or pebbles (or whatever comes to hand) used as the pieces. The description below is compatible with Mind Sports South Africa's "generally accepted rules".

Morabaraba.jpg

There are three main phases to the game:

  1. Placing the cows
  2. Moving the cows
  3. Flying the cows

Placing the cows

Moving the cows

Flying the cows

Finishing the game

Morabaraba as sport

Currently the International Wargames Federation is the international governing body for the game as a competitive sport, and Mind Sports South Africa (MSSA) is the South African governing body. MSSA is recognised by both the South African Department of Sports and Recreation and the South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee (SASCOC) .

MSSA has developed amateur leagues, using different regional versions of the game, throughout the country, and has adopted a notation scoring system similar to that for nine men's morris.

The game is an official discipline of the Traditional World Games, which are held every five years. Tournaments were not just in South Africa, but also in Bangkok (Thailand), Melbourne (Australia), New Orleans (United States), Athens (Greece), and at the Epsom College in England.

World Championships

Since 1997, Morabaraba World Championships have been held, in three divisions: senior (i.e. adult males), women, and junior (boys and girls). Divisional winners are shown in the table below.

YearSenior winnerWomen winnerJunior winnerLocation
1997Gilbert Magabotse (Mind Sports South Africa)Old Edwardian Society, Johannesburg, South Africa
1999Amos Mavuso (Mind Sports South Africa)The Castle, Cape Town, South Africa
2000David Hlophe (Mind Sports South Africa)Epsom College, Epsom, United Kingdom
2001David Hlophe (Mind Sports South Africa)Epsom College, Epsom, United Kingdom
2002Simon Skhosana (Mind Sports South Africa)Innocent Kubheka (Mind Sports South Africa)Blue Waters Hotel, Durban, South Africa
2003Simphiwe Maphumulo (Mind Sports South Africa)New Orleans, United States of America
2004Simphiwe Maphumulo (Mind Sports South Africa)Rome, Italy
2005Medupe Sekao (Botswana Wargames Federation)Teresa Chen (Mind Sports South Africa)Teresa Chen (Mind Sports South Africa)University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
2006Thanos Taktikos (Hellenic Wargames Federation)Gazza, Athens, Greece
2007Moses Rannyadi (Mind Sports South Africa)Ledile Tshwane (Mind Sports South Africa)Innocent Kubheka (Mind Sports South Africa)Marine Hotel, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
2008Hanna Melkko (Finnish Historical Wargames Association)Hanna Melkko (Finnish Historical Wargames Association)Helsinki, Finland
2012Simphiwe Maphumulo (Mind Sports South Africa)Zama Latha (Mind Sports South Africa)Blue Waters Hotel, Durban, South Africa
2013Simphiwe Maphumulo (Mind Sports South Africa)Pretoria Boys High, Pretoria, South Africa
2014Lejone Malikoe (Lesotho Mind Sports Association)Victoria Hotel, Maseru, Lesotho
2015Senane Gadlela (Swaziland Mind Sports Association)Nipho Sipnepho (Swaziland Mind Sports Association)Lugogo Sun, Mbabane, Swaziland

Variations

The board used for the Sesotho variation of morabaraba Sesotho Morabaraba board.svg
The board used for the Sesotho variation of morabaraba

Sesotho board

This is the variation typically played by Sesotho-speakers in South Africa and Lesotho. It differs from the standard form in that the board does not have diagonals between the center points of its sides and there is an additional intersection in the center of the board to prevent a draw. The online version of the Morabaraba Sesotho variation developed by Botho University Maseru Campus Student; Moeketsi Faso may be accessed on http://morabaraba.online


Eleven men's morris

This is a European variation that uses the same board as morabaraba but is played with eleven counters. This prevents a situation where the game can end in a draw in the placement phase.

Gonjilgonu (Chamgonu)

This is a Korean variation that uses the same board as morabaraba and is played with twelve counters. But when the counter is removed in the placement phase, that place is "marked" and both players cannot place their counter in that place (i.e., all 24 counters must be placed in a different place). This rule does not apply after the moving phase, and you can move pieces to places that are marked.

Standard notation

The standard Welt–Mühlespiel–Dachverband notation for nine men's morris works well for morabaraba(see diagram). It is very similar to algebraic notation in chess. The board is laid out on a grid, with the columns in the grid being labelled a–g (from left to right), and rows in the grid being labelled from 1–7 (bottom to top). Each point is then referred to by its coordinate; for example, the top-left point in the middle (not inner) square is labelled b6. Moves are then formatted as in chess or draughts: placing a piece is denoted simply by the square where it is placed; moving a piece by the from and to squares (e.g. c5-d5); capturing by appending the captured piece to the move (e.g., c5-b6xe5 or c4xa1).

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References

  1. "morabaraba". OxfordDictionaries.com. Oxford University Press. American English section. Archived from the original on May 2, 2018. Retrieved 2018-05-02.