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Morning report is a teaching round and learning opportunity for medical resident physicians in North America. The event is a case-based discussion which varies by institution, [1] serving as an opportunity for residents, attending physicians, and others to meet, present, and learn from novel or routine clinical cases. [2]
Historically, there were no attending physicians in hospitals. Therefore, morning report was likely developed to assist the chief of service with medical supervision of cases. [2] In current times, the content, time, and frequency of the meeting varies by institution. [3] The round may occur at the beginning of the workday, or may occur after or in the middle of patient care rounds, but morning report most often occurs in the morning and lasts for 60 minutes. [2] The event is centered on education, clinical reasoning, evaluation of residents, and interaction between attending and resident physicians. [2] [4] Morning report is typically led by the chief medical resident or a faculty member and one or multiple cases are selected by the presenter, usually a member of the admitting team, and loosely presented. [1] The case is usually inpatient in nature, but may be outpatient depending on the institution and specialty. [2] Details about the patient case are presented and the audience is encouraged to engage in discussion regarding the management, diagnosis, and outcome of the case. The event may have selected topics for discussion or discussion topics are developed by participants during the event. [2]
With the objective most often being education, morning report can function to cover broad medical topics, increase learning among physicians, [2] as well as demonstrate and practice teaching skills as a new physician. [5] Morning report is mostly appreciated by residents and faculty physicians as it provides the opportunity for physicians to expand their knowledge base, practice presentations, and improve leadership skills. [2]
During the COVID-19 pandemic, morning report was modified and held on virtual platforms through video conferencing at many institutions. [4] This created opportunity for continued involvement in morning report as in-person gathering was largely discouraged during these times. In some cases, this allowed multiple advantages compared to the traditional in-person morning report, such as increased accessibility and the involvement of other institutions and disciplines. [4]
One study examined morning report sessions in internal medicine residency programs, focusing on attending physicians' contributions. The research covered 250 conferences at 13 different programs between September 2020 and March 2021. Key findings showed that attending physicians made a total of 2,344 comments, with a median of 3 attendings present at each session. Most comments were brief (66% lasting less than a minute) and focused on clinical teaching, particularly on topics like differential diagnosis, management, and testing. The study also noted that the number and duration of attending comments varied between programs, potentially impacting the learning environment, and suggested that in-person and unscripted reports could increase attending participation in morning reports. [6]
Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is "the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients." The aim of EBM is to integrate the experience of the clinician, the values of the patient, and the best available scientific information to guide decision-making about clinical management. The term was originally used to describe an approach to teaching the practice of medicine and improving decisions by individual physicians about individual patients.
Peer review is the evaluation of work by one or more people with similar competencies as the producers of the work. It functions as a form of self-regulation by qualified members of a profession within the relevant field. Peer review methods are used to maintain quality standards, improve performance, and provide credibility. In academia, scholarly peer review is often used to determine an academic paper's suitability for publication. Peer review can be categorized by the type of activity and by the field or profession in which the activity occurs, e.g., medical peer review. It can also be used as a teaching tool to help students improve writing assignments.
Forensic pathology is pathology that focuses on determining the cause of death by examining a corpse. A post mortem examination is performed by a medical examiner or forensic pathologist, usually during the investigation of criminal law cases and civil law cases in some jurisdictions. Coroners and medical examiners are also frequently asked to confirm the identity of remains.
Osteopathic medicine is a branch of the medical profession in the United States that promotes the practice of science-based medicine, often referred to in this context as allopathic medicine, with a set of philosophy and principles set by its earlier form, osteopathy. Osteopathic physicians (DOs) are graduates of American osteopathic medical colleges and are licensed to practice the full scope of medicine and surgery in all 50 US states. The field is distinct from osteopathic practices offered in nations outside of the U.S., whose practitioners are generally not considered part of core medical staff nor of medicine itself, but rather are alternative medicine practitioners. The other major branch of medicine in the United States is referred to by practitioners of osteopathic medicine as allopathic medicine.
Internal medicine, also known as general internal medicine in Commonwealth nations, is a medical specialty for medical doctors focused on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of internal diseases in adults. Medical practitioners of internal medicine are referred to as internists, or physicians in Commonwealth nations. Internists possess specialized skills in managing patients with undifferentiated or multi-system disease processes. They provide care to both hospitalized (inpatient) and ambulatory (outpatient) patients and often contribute significantly to teaching and research. Internists are qualified physicians who have undergone postgraduate training in internal medicine, and should not be confused with "interns”, a term commonly used for a medical doctor who has obtained a medical degree but does not yet have a license to practice medicine unsupervised.
The Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH) is the teaching hospital and biomedical research facility of Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore, Maryland. Founded in 1889, Johns Hopkins Hospital and its school of medicine are considered to be the founding institutions of modern American medicine and the birthplace of numerous famed medical traditions, including rounds, residents, and house staff. Several medical specialties were founded at the hospital, including neurosurgery by Harvey Williams Cushing and Walter Dandy, cardiac surgery by Alfred Blalock, and child psychiatry by Leo Kanner. Johns Hopkins Children's Center which serves infants, children, teens, and young adults aged 0–21, is attached to the hospital.
The United States has more teaching hospitals than any other country in the world.
The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada is a regulatory college which acts as a national, nonprofit organization established in 1929 by a special Act of Parliament to oversee the medical education of specialists in Canada.
The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) is a nonprofit organization based in Washington, D.C. that was established in 1876. It represents medical schools, teaching hospitals, and academic and scientific societies, while providing services to its member institutions that include data from medical, education, and health studies, as well as consulting. The AAMC administers the Medical College Admission Test and operates the American Medical College Application Service and the Electronic Residency Application Service. Along with the American Medical Association (AMA), the AAMC co-sponsors the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME), the accrediting body for all U.S. MD-granting medical education programs.
Hospital medicine is a medical specialty that exists in some countries as a branch of family medicine or internal medicine, dealing with the care of acutely ill hospitalized patients. Physicians whose primary professional focus is caring for hospitalized patients only while they are in the hospital are called hospitalists. Originating in the United States, this type of medical practice has extended into Australia and Canada. The vast majority of physicians who refer to themselves as hospitalists focus their practice upon hospitalized patients. Hospitalists are not necessarily required to have separate board certification in hospital medicine.
Medical education is education related to the practice of being a medical practitioner, including the initial training to become a physician and additional training thereafter.
The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) is the body responsible for accrediting all graduate medical training programs for physicians in the United States. It is a non-profit private council that evaluates and accredits medical residency and internship programs.
Medical resident work hours refers to the shifts worked by medical interns and residents during their medical residency.
In medicine, a case report is a detailed report of the symptoms, signs, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient. Case reports may contain a demographic profile of the patient, but usually describe an unusual or novel occurrence. Some case reports also contain a literature review of other reported cases. Case reports are professional narratives that provide feedback on clinical practice guidelines and offer a framework for early signals of effectiveness, adverse events, and cost. They can be shared for medical, scientific, or educational purposes.
Grand rounds are a methodology of medical education and inpatient care, consisting of presenting the medical problems and treatment of a particular patient to an audience consisting of doctors, pharmacists, residents, and medical students. It was first conceived by clinicians as a way for junior colleagues to round on patients. The patient was traditionally present for the round and would answer questions; grand rounds have evolved with most sessions rarely having a patient present and being more like lectures. An actor portrays the patient in some instances.
St. Emlyn’s is a virtual hospital developed by educationalists based at the Manchester Royal Infirmary, England. It incorporates online learning materials, a blog, and a podcast.
Physician burnout has been classified as a psychological syndrome that can be expressed as a prolonged response to due chronic occupational stressors. In the practice of medicine, it has been known to affect a wide variety of individuals from medical students to practicing physicians; although, its impact reaches far beyond that. Because of the toll taken on the healthcare industry, various treatment and prevention strategies have been developed at individual, team, and organizational levels in hopes to seek the best method of addressing this epidemic.
A teaching hospital is a hospital or medical centre that provides medical education and training to future and current health professionals. Teaching hospitals are almost always affiliated with one or more universities and are often co-located with medical schools.
In the domain of hospital medicine, interdisciplinary bedside rounds are a collaborative approach to patient care that involves the participation of the bedside nurse, primary provider, and the patient. They are often joined by family members and allied health professionals such as the patient's pharmacist and case manager.