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Arsenic poisoning is a medical condition that occurs due to elevated levels of arsenic in the body. If arsenic poisoning occurs over a brief period of time, symptoms may include vomiting, abdominal pain, encephalopathy, and watery diarrhea that contains blood. Long-term exposure can result in thickening of the skin, darker skin, abdominal pain, diarrhea, heart disease, numbness, and cancer.
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Genotoxicity is the property of chemical agents that damage the genetic information within a cell causing mutations, which may lead to cancer. While genotoxicity is often confused with mutagenicity, all mutagens are genotoxic, but some genotoxic substances are not mutagenic. The alteration can have direct or indirect effects on the DNA: the induction of mutations, mistimed event activation, and direct DNA damage leading to mutations. The permanent, heritable changes can affect either somatic cells of the organism or germ cells to be passed on to future generations. Cells prevent expression of the genotoxic mutation by either DNA repair or apoptosis; however, the damage may not always be fixed leading to mutagenesis.
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References
- ↑ Gad, S. C. (1994-09-22). "The mouse ear swelling test (MEST) in the 1990s". Toxicology . 93 (1): 33–46. Bibcode:1994Toxgy..93...33G. doi:10.1016/0300-483x(94)90194-5. PMID 7974503.
- ↑ Gad SC; Dunn BJ; Dobbs DW; Reilly C; Walsh RD (1986), "Development and validation of an alternative dermal sensitization test: the mouse ear swelling test (MEST)", Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology , 86 (1): 93–114, Bibcode:1986ToxAP..84...93G, doi:10.1016/0041-008x(86)90419-9, PMID 3715870
