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Rashid Ali al-Gaylani was an Iraqi politician who served as Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Iraq on three occasions:from March to November 1933,from March 1940 to February 1941 and from April to May 1941. He is chiefly remembered as an ardent Arab nationalist who attempted to remove the British influence from Iraq by starting a coup against the government in 1941. During his brief tenures as Prime Minister in 1940 and 1941,he attempted to negotiate settlements with the Axis powers during World War II in order to counter British influence in Iraq.
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Abd al-Rahman al-Bazzaz was an Iraqi politician,reformist and writer. He was a pan-Arab nationalist and served as the Dean of Baghdad Law College and later as Prime Minister of Iraq. Al-Bazzaz main political project was the professionalization of the government through increasing access to civilian expertise. That civic agenda came at the expense of the military. Al-Bazzaz was charged by the Ba'athist-dominated government of participation in activities against the government and he was tortured and imprisoned. Al-Bazzaz was finally released because of illness in 1970 and moved to London for treatment before later dying in Baghdad on 28 June 1973.
Farhud was the pogrom or the "violent dispossession" that was carried out against the Jewish population of Baghdad,Iraq,on June 1–2,1941,immediately following the British victory in the Anglo-Iraqi War. The riots occurred in a power vacuum that followed the collapse of the pro-Nazi government of Rashid Ali while the city was in a state of instability. The violence came immediately after the rapid defeat of Rashid Ali by British forces,whose earlier coup had generated a short period of national euphoria,and was fueled by allegations that Iraqi Jews had aided the British. More than 180 Jews were killed and 1,000 injured,although some non-Jewish rioters were also killed in the attempt to quell the violence. Looting of Jewish property took place and 900 Jewish homes were destroyed.
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The Al-Muthanna Club was an influential pan-Arab fascist society established in Baghdad ca. 1935 to 1937 which remained active until May 1941,when the coup d'état of pro-Nazi Rashid Ali al-Gaylani failed. It was named after Al-Muthanna ibn Haritha,an Iraqi Muslim Arab general who led forces that helped to defeat the Persian Sassanids at the Battle of al-Qādisiyyah. Later known as the National Democratic Party,Nadi al-Muthanna was influenced by European fascism and controlled by radical Arab nationalists who,according to 2005's Memories of State,"formed the core of new radicals" for a combined Pan-Arab civilian and military coalition.
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Parliamentary elections were held in Iraq in 1933 to elect the members of the Chamber of Deputies. Although the Government Bloc led by incumbent Prime Minister Naji Shawkat won the most seats,it quickly disintegrated after the elections,allowing Rashid Ali al-Gaylani to become Prime Minister.
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Ali Mumtaz al-Daftary was an Iraqi nationalist-oriented politician,held several posts in the Kingdom of Iraq,including parliamentary and ministerial positions.
Ali Mahmud al-Shaykh Ali al-Hiazi al-Obeidi is an Iraqi politician,born on June 3,1901,in Abu Ghraib.
Sharaf bin Rajeh (1881–1955) was the regent of the Kingdom of Iraq from April of 1941 to June 1941,as well as a Jordanian senator and the Emir or Taif until his death. He,a distant relative of the previous regent Abdullah,was appointed under Rashid Ali al-Gaylani to legitimize Golden Square control of Iraq.
References
- 1 2 3 Al-Jubouri, Kamil Salman Jassim. The Dictionary of Poets 1-6 - From the Pre-Islamic Era to the Year 2002.
- 1 2 "Wayback Machine". 2019-01-29. Archived from the original on 2019-01-29. Retrieved 2020-10-01.
- ↑ Ghareeb, Edmund A.; Dougherty, Beth (2004-03-18). Historical Dictionary of Iraq. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6568-6.
- ↑ "صحيفة التآخي - وزراء المعارف في العراق 1920-1958". 2019-01-29. Archived from the original on 2019-01-29. Retrieved 2020-10-01.