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The treatment of women by the Taliban refers to actions and policies by various Taliban regimes which are either specific or highly commented upon,mostly due to discrimination,since they first took control in 1996. During their first rule of Afghanistan (1996–2001),the Taliban were notorious internationally for their misogyny and violence against women. In 1996,women were mandated to wear the burqa at all times in public. In a systematic segregation sometimes referred to as gender apartheid,women were not allowed to work,nor were they allowed to be educated after the age of eight. Women seeking an education were forced to attend underground schools,where they and their teachers risked execution if caught. They were not allowed to be treated by male doctors unless accompanied by a male chaperone,which led to illnesses remaining untreated. They faced public flogging and execution for violations of the Taliban's laws.
Mohammad Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai is an Afghan former politician,academic,and economist who served as the president of Afghanistan from September 2014 until August 2021,when his government was overthrown by the Taliban.
Kunduz is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan,located in the northern part of the country next to Tajikistan. The population of the province is around 1,136,677,which is mostly a tribal society;it is one of Afghanistan's most ethnically diverse provinces with many different ethnicities in large numbers living there. The city of Kunduz serves as the capital of the province. It borders the provinces of Takhar,Baghlan,Samangan and Balkh,as well as the Khatlon Region of Tajikistan. The Kunduz Airport is located next to the provincial capital.
The Afghan Ministry of Energy and Water is a ministry of the government of Afghanistan. Following the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan the ministry had the task of co-ordinating an effort to reintroduce power to areas of Afghanistan that had been cut off. Areas particularly badly affected were southern regions. Pakistan,Iran,and India all agreed to supply power. On 17 June 2003 the Asian Development Bank agreed to give a loan of $50 million (USD) to the Afghan Ministry of Energy and Water. The loan would be spent over the next three years on projects for the production,distribution and transmission of electricity in Afghanistan.
The Council of Ministers of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan is the executive body of the government of Afghanistan,responsible for day-to-day governance and the implementation of policy set by the Leadership. It is headed by the prime minister—who serves as the nation's head of government—and his deputies,and consists of the heads and deputy heads of the government ministries.
Human rights in Afghanistan are severely restricted,especially since Taliban's takeover of Kabul in August 2021. Women's rights and freedom are severely restricted as they are banned from most public spaces and employment. Afghanistan is the only country in the world to ban education for women over the age of eleven. Taliban's policies towards women are usually termed as gender apartheid. Minority groups such as Hazaras face persecution and eviction from their lands. Authorities have used physical violence,raids,arbitrary arrests and detention,torture,enforced disappearances of activists and political opponents.
Women's rights in Afghanistan have oscillated back and forth depending on the time period as well as the regime in power. After King Amanullah Khan's attempts to modernize the country in the 1920s,women officially gained equality under the 1964 Constitution. However,these rights were taken away in the 1990s through different temporary rulers such as the mujahideen and the Taliban during the Afghan civil war. During the first Taliban regime (1996–2001),women had very little to no freedom,specifically in terms of civil liberties. When the Taliban was overthrown by the United States following the 9/11 attacks,women's rights gradually improved under the presidential Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Women were de jure equal to men under the 2004 Constitution.
The War in Afghanistan was an armed conflict from 2001 to 2021. It was the direct response to the September 11 attacks. It began when an international military coalition led by the United States launched an invasion of Afghanistan,declaring Operation Enduring Freedom as part of the earlier-declared war on terror;toppling the Taliban-ruled Islamic Emirate and establishing the Islamic Republic three years later. The Taliban and its allies were expelled from major population centers by the US-led forces,supporting the anti-Taliban Northern Alliance;however Bin Laden relocated to neighboring Pakistan. The conflict officially ended with the 2021 Taliban offensive,which overthrew the Islamic Republic,and re-established the Islamic Emirate. It was the longest war in the military history of the United States,surpassing the length of the Vietnam War (1955–1975) by approximately six months.
The Ministry of Borders and Tribal Affairs,is an organ of the Central Government of Afghanistan.
Amrullah Saleh is an Afghan politician who served as the first vice president of Afghanistan from February 2020 to August 2021,and acting interior minister from 2018 to 2019. He was the head of the National Directorate of Security (NDS) from 2004 to 2010.
The Arg is the presidential palace of Afghanistan,located in Kabul. Since the 2021 abolition of the Afghan presidency by the Taliban,it has served as the meeting place of the Cabinet of Afghanistan. The palace sits on a 34-hectare (83-acre) site in District 2,between Deh Afghanan and the affluent neighbourhood of Wazir Akbar Khan;it has historically been used by many Afghan heads of state,from Abdur Rahman Khan to Ashraf Ghani.
Events in the year 2021 in Qatar.
The supreme leader of Afghanistan,officially the supreme leader of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan and also styled by his religious title Amir al-Mu'minin,is the absolute ruler,head of state,and national religious leader of Afghanistan,as well as the leader of the Taliban. The supreme leader wields unlimited authority and is the ultimate source of all law.
Protests in Afghanistan against the Taliban started on 17 August 2021 following the Fall of Kabul to the Taliban. These protests are held by Islamic democrats and feminists. Both groups are against the treatment of women by the Taliban government,considering it as discriminatory and misogynistic. Supported by the National Resistance Front of Afghanistan,the protesters also demand decentralization,multiculturalism,social justice,work,education,and food. There have been pro-Taliban counterprotests.
The politics of Afghanistan are based on a totalitarian emirate within the Islamic theocracy in which the Taliban Movement holds a monopoly on power. Dissent is not permitted,and politics are mostly limited to internal Taliban policy debates and power struggles. As the government is provisional,there is no constitution or other basis for the rule of law. The structure is autocratic,with all power concentrated in the hands of the supreme leader and his clerical advisors. According to the V-Dem Democracy indices Afghanistan was as of 2023 the 4th least electoral democratic country in the world.
Haji Nooruddin Azizi is an Afghan politician and the acting Minister of Commerce and Industry since 21 September 2021.
Qalandar Ibad is an Afghan physician and the acting Minister of Public Health of Afghanistan since 21 September 2021.
The government of Afghanistan,officially called the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,is the central government of Afghanistan,a unitary state. Under the leadership of the Taliban,the government is a theocracy and an emirate with political power concentrated in the hands of a supreme leader and his clerical advisors,collectively referred to as the Leadership. The Leadership makes all major policy decisions behind closed doors,which are then implemented by the country's civil service and judiciary. As Afghanistan is an Islamic state,governance is based on Sharia law and Pashtunwali,which the Taliban enforces strictly through extensive social and cultural policy.
Haji Ghulam Ghaus is an Afghan politician who has been appointed as the Acting Deputy Minister of Disaster Management on 21 September 2021.
Abdul Bari Omar is an Afghan physician who is serving as Acting Director,Food and Drug Administration. Omar has also served the acting Deputy Minister of Public Health of Afghanistan from 21 September 2021 to early 2022,alongside Mohammad Hassan Ghiasi.
References
- ↑ "Taliban bring new faces to fill Cabinet positions in Afghanistan". www.aa.com.tr.
- ↑ "Afghan Taliban bring new faces to fill cabinet slots". The Express Tribune. September 21, 2021.
- ↑ "70 percent water being wasted: Officials". www.afghanislamicpress.com.
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