Related Research Articles
The Aryan Brotherhood, also known as the Brand or the AB, is a neo-Nazi prison gang and an organized crime syndicate that is based in the United States and has an estimated 15,000–20,000 members both inside and outside prisons. The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) has characterized it as "the nation's oldest major white supremacist prison gang and a national crime syndicate" while the Anti-Defamation League calls it the "oldest and most notorious racist prison gang in the United States". According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Aryan Brotherhood makes up an extremely low percentage of the entire US prison population, but it is responsible for a disproportionately large number of prison murders.
Joseph Paul Franklin was an American neo-Nazi terrorist and serial killer who engaged in a murder spree spanning the late 1970s and early 1980s.
Volksfront, also known as Volksfront International, was an American white separatist organization founded on October 20, 1994, in Portland, Oregon. According to Volksfront's now defunct website, the group described itself as an "international fraternal organization for persons of European descent." The logo of Volksfront was the Algiz rune, a common rune used as a neo-Nazi symbol common among other organizations such as National Alliance. Volksfront had approximately 50 members in the United States split between four chapters designated as Pac-West, Central States, North East, and Gulf-Atlantic, and an additional 50 members dispersed in other countries including Germany, Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and Spain. The goal of the movement was to create an all-White homeland in the Pacific Northwest. The flag of Volksfront was based on the Nazi flag in the colors of black, white, and red with the Volksfront logo and the slogan was "Race Over All" implying that race mattered over everything else. In August 2012, the United States branch of Volksfront announced their dissolution via their website. Citing harassment and investigations by the authorities, the group said it was disbanding.
American Front (AF) is a white supremacist organization founded in San Francisco, California by Bob Heick in 1984. It began as a loose organization modeled after the British National Front. Heick began working with Tom Metzger's White Aryan Resistance (WAR) in 1988.
Fourteen Words is a reference to two slogans originated by David Eden Lane, one of nine founding members of the defunct white supremacist terrorist organization The Order, and are accompanied by Lane's "88 Precepts". The slogans have served as a rallying cry for militant white nationalists internationally.
Mulugeta Seraw was an Ethiopian student who traveled to the United States to attend college. He was 28 when he was murdered by three white supremacists in November 1988 in Portland, Oregon. They were convicted, and Mulugeta's father and son—who was six years old—filed a civil lawsuit against the killers and an affiliated organization, holding them liable for the murder.
About one to two percent of United States Armed Forces members are estimated to belong to criminal gangs in the United States, a much higher proportion than in the civilian population.
The Castlerock killings took place on 25 March 1993 in the village of Castlerock, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland. Members of the Ulster Defence Association (UDA), a loyalist paramilitary group, shot dead three Catholic civilians and a Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) member as they arrived for work in a van. Another was wounded. The "Ulster Freedom Fighters" (UFF) claimed it had targeted an IRA member and his "accomplices". A UDA member was later imprisoned for his part in the attack and in the Greysteel massacre several months later, but was released in 2000 under the terms of the Good Friday Agreement.
Shawn Robert Adolf, Tharin Robert Gartrell and Nathan Dwaine Johnson plotted to assassinate Barack Obama, then the 2008 Democratic Party presidential nominee. The trio allegedly planned to shoot Senator Obama with a high-powered rifle during the Democratic National Convention in Denver, Colorado.
The Barack Obama assassination plot in Tennessee was a plot by Paul Schlesselman and Daniel Cowart to assassinate Barack Obama, who was then the 2008 Democratic Party presidential nominee. The two men—both Neo-Nazi white power skinheads—spoke of killing Obama during a planned murder spree of 88 African Americans in Tennessee, 14 of whom were to be beheaded, many of whom were young students at an unidentified, predominantly black school.
Curtis Michael Allgier is an American white supremacist skinhead who is being held in the Utah State Prison in Draper, Utah, for the murder of corrections officer Stephen Anderson.
Barack Obama, the 44th president of the United States, was involved in multiple security incidents, including several assassination threats and plots, starting from when he became a presidential candidate in 2007. Secret Service protection for Obama began after he received a death threat in 2007, while serving as the junior United States senator from Illinois and running for president. This marked the earliest time a candidate received such protection before being nominated. Security was increased early for Obama due to fears of possible assassination attempts by white supremacist or other racist groups or individuals against the first African American major party presidential nominee.
The Marin County Civic Center attacks were two related attacks in 1970 at the Marin County Civic Center courtroom in San Rafael, California, United States, tied to escalating racial tensions in the state's criminal justice system.
The Fourth Reich was a racist skinhead prison gang formed in Paparua Prison in Christchurch in the early 1990s that terrorised communities in Nelson and on the West Coast of the South Island, New Zealand. Largely a stand-over prison gang, the Fourth Reich garnered a reputation for extreme violence, several members having been handed down life sentences. There is little evidence to suggest that the Fourth Reich still exists either in the prison system, or in New Zealand society.
The Wisconsin Sikh temple shooting was a mass shooting that took place at the gurdwara in Oak Creek, Wisconsin on August 5, 2012 when 40-year-old Wade Michael Page fatally shot six people and wounded four others. A seventh victim died of his wounds in 2020. Page committed suicide by shooting himself in the head.
Thomas Lynn Clements was head of the Colorado Department of Corrections until he was assassinated on March 19, 2013.
211 Crew is a white supremacist prison gang, active both in and out of prison, that was formed in 1995 at Colorado's Denver County Jail. It was linked to several high-profile murders and criminal investigations. Those included the assassination of Colorado Department of Corrections head Tom Clements. Due to a threatening letter sent by a Texas Aryan Brotherhood member, it was suspected to be linked to similar assassinations of Texas district attorney Mike McLelland, and his assistant prosecutor Mark Hasse, but a former Justice of the Peace was eventually indicted for those murders.
On March 20, 2017, Timothy Caughman, a black 66-year-old man, was collecting cans for recycling in the Hell's Kitchen neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City when James Harris Jackson, a white 28-year-old man, approached him and stabbed him multiple times with a sword. Caughman later died of his injuries. Jackson subsequently turned himself in to police custody and confirmed that he traveled from Maryland to New York with the intention of killing black men in order to prevent white women from having interracial relationships with them.
In late May and early June 2020, two ambush-style attacks occurred against security personnel and law enforcement officers in California. The attacks left two dead and injured three others.
The 1995 Fayetteville murders were the killings of a black couple by white supremacists in Fayetteville, North Carolina on December 7, 1995. The killers, James Norman Burmeister and Malcolm Wright, were paratroopers at Fort Bragg where Burmeister was reportedly open about his views, and had a Nazi flag hanging in his room. The Fayetteville police reported that a search of a room rented by Burmeister had turned up a Nazi flag, white supremacist literature, and a VHS tape of Natural Born Killers.
References
- 1 2 3 4 "National News Briefs; Skinhead Is Convicted Of Killing Black Man". The New York Times . Associated Press. 1999-03-17. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 2023-01-30.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "SKINHEAD AVOIDS DEATH, ADMITS HE KILLED BLACK MAN". Chicago Tribune . 21 December 1999. Retrieved 2023-01-30.
- 1 2 3 4 "Man Killed By Police Involved In Racist Murder, White Supremacist". CBS News . 24 February 2012. Retrieved 2023-01-30.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Brooke, James (1997-11-22). "Killing Wasn't Much, Skinhead Says". The New York Times . ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 2023-01-30.
- 1 2 3 4 Mwakikagile, Godfrey (2022). Patrick Lyoya killed by the police: What did I do wrong?. New Africa Press. pp. 38–40.
- ↑ "Skinheads in America: Racists on a Rampage" (PDF). Southern Poverty Law Center . 2006.
- ↑ Cardona, Felisa (24 February 2012). "Man killed by police convicted in '97 racially motivated killing". Colorado Springs Gazette . Retrieved 2023-01-30.