MyHeartMap Challenge

Last updated April 26, 2019

The MyHeartMap Challenge is a community improvement initiative and part of a research study being conducted at the University of Pennsylvania to map Automatic External Defibrillators (AEDs) in the city of Philadelphia.

Research formal work undertaken systematically to increase the stock of knowledge

Research comprises "creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of humans, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications." It is used to establish or confirm facts, reaffirm the results of previous work, solve new or existing problems, support theorems, or develop new theories. A research project may also be an expansion on past work in the field. Research projects can be used to develop further knowledge on a topic, or in the example of a school research project, they can be used to further a student's research prowess to prepare them for future jobs or reports. To test the validity of instruments, procedures, or experiments, research may replicate elements of prior projects or the project as a whole. The primary purposes of basic research are documentation, discovery, interpretation, or the research and development (R&D) of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge. Approaches to research depend on epistemologies, which vary considerably both within and between humanities and sciences. There are several forms of research: scientific, humanities, artistic, economic, social, business, marketing, practitioner research, life, technological, etc.

The University of Pennsylvania is a private Ivy League research university located in the University City neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is one of the nine colonial colleges founded prior to the Declaration of Independence and the first institution of higher learning in the United States to refer to itself as a university. Benjamin Franklin, Penn's founder and first president, advocated an educational program that trained leaders in commerce, government, and public service, similar to a modern liberal arts curriculum. The university's coat of arms features a dolphin on its red chief, adopted from Benjamin Franklin's own coat of arms.

Philadelphia Largest city in Pennsylvania, United States

Philadelphia, known colloquially as Philly, is the largest city in the U.S. state and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and the sixth-most populous U.S. city, with a 2018 census-estimated population of 1,584,138. Since 1854, the city has been coterminous with Philadelphia County, the most populous county in Pennsylvania and the urban core of the eighth-largest U.S. metropolitan statistical area, with over 6 million residents as of 2017. Philadelphia is also the economic and cultural anchor of the greater Delaware Valley, located along the lower Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers, within the Northeast megalopolis. The Delaware Valley's population of 7.2 million ranks it as the eighth-largest combined statistical area in the United States.

Challenge description

The challenge takes the form of a contest wherein the person or team to find and report the locations of the maximum number of AED devices in the city gets a grand prize of USD 10,000, provided at least 750 AEDs are reported in total or 500 AEDs are reported by a single team. 20 to 200 "Golden" AEDs have also been identified in advance, photos of which will gain the submitter a USD 50 prize.^[1] The challenge runs from January 31 through March 13 of the year 2012. The challenge has drawn interested from various quarters, including academic institutions who are participating with the aim to build up and study a more intelligent crowdsourcing campaign.^[2]

Crowdsourcing

The MyHeartMap Challenge is an example of crowdsourcing, an approach to accomplishing tasks by opening them to the public. The organizers of the challenge were inspired by the DARPA Network Challenge, in which teams completed to locate 10 red weather balloons placed at random locations all over the United States. According to the MyHeartMap Challenge Director Dr. Raina Merchant, "DARPA succeeded with locating red balloons. AEDs are a natural extension of a brilliant idea."^[3]

Crowdsourcing is a sourcing model in which individuals or organizations obtain goods and services, including ideas and finances, from a large, relatively open and often rapidly-evolving group of internet users; it divides work between participants to achieve a cumulative result. The word crowdsourcing itself is a portmanteau of crowd and outsourcing, and was coined in 2005. As a mode of sourcing, crowdsourcing existed prior to the digital age.

The 2009 DARPA Network Challenge was a prize competition for exploring the roles the Internet and social networking play in the real-time communications, wide-area collaborations, and practical actions required to solve broad-scope, time-critical problems. The competition was sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), a research organization of the United States Department of Defense. The challenge was designed to help the military generate ideas for operating under a range of circumstances, such as natural disasters. Congress authorized DARPA to award cash prizes to further DARPA's mission to sponsor revolutionary, high-payoff research that bridges the gap between fundamental discoveries and their use for national security.

Teams

Given the scale of the challenge, the most likely winner is going to be a team rather than an individual. A global effort to assemble a large team is underway, organized by computer scientists from MIT, UCSD, Masdar Institute, and University of Southampton. The team, dubbed HeartCrowd,^[2] includes some of the winners of the DARPA Network Challenge, which inspired the MyHeartMap Challenge.^[4]

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1861 in response to the increasing industrialization of the United States, MIT adopted a European polytechnic university model and stressed laboratory instruction in applied science and engineering. The Institute is a land-grant, sea-grant, and space-grant university, with a campus that extends more than a mile alongside the Charles River. Its influence in the physical sciences, engineering, and architecture, and more recently in biology, economics, linguistics, management, and social science and art, has made it one of the most prestigious universities in the world.

The University of California, San Diego is a public research university located in the La Jolla neighborhood of San Diego, California, in the United States. The university occupies 2,141 acres (866 ha) near the coast of the Pacific Ocean, with the main campus resting on approximately 1,152 acres (466 ha). Established in 1960 near the pre-existing Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego is the seventh-oldest of the 10 University of California campuses and offers over 200 undergraduate and graduate degree programs, enrolling approximately 30,000 undergraduate and 8,500 graduate students.

The Masdar Institute of Science and Technology was a graduate level, research-oriented university focused on alternative energies, sustainability, and environmental research. In 2017 it merged with two other institutions in Abu Dhabi to create Khalifa University, and its previous structure now hosts the research backbone of the new university, referred as the "Masdar City campus". It was located in Masdar City in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

Outcome

The challenge officially ended on Tuesday, March 27, 2012, and the individuals were announced several weeks after.

According to the organizers, over 1,500 AEDs were submitted from 300 teams and individuals.^[5]

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References

↑ McCullough, Marie (January 31, 2012). "Global contest will lead to help during heart attacks". The Philadelphia Inquirer . Retrieved 2012-02-02.
1 2 "International Crowdsourcing Experts Team Up to Help Save Lives". University of California, San Diego. January 31, 2012. Retrieved 2012-02-03.
↑ "MyHeartMap Challenge Media Page". University of Pennsylvania . Retrieved 2012-02-03.
↑ "Global contest will lead to help during heart attacks". The Philadelphia Inquirer . January 31, 2012. Retrieved 2012-02-03.
↑ "MyHeartMap Challenge Philly Page". University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine . Retrieved 2012-02-03.

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[1] McCullough, Marie (January 31, 2012). "Global contest will lead to help during heart attacks". The Philadelphia Inquirer . Retrieved 2012-02-02.

[calit2_Jan_31-2] 1 2 "International Crowdsourcing Experts Team Up to Help Save Lives". University of California, San Diego. January 31, 2012. Retrieved 2012-02-03.

[3] "MyHeartMap Challenge Media Page". University of Pennsylvania . Retrieved 2012-02-03.

[4] "Global contest will lead to help during heart attacks". The Philadelphia Inquirer . January 31, 2012. Retrieved 2012-02-03.

[5] "MyHeartMap Challenge Philly Page". University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine . Retrieved 2012-02-03.