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The Salween is a Southeast Asian river, about 3,289 kilometres (2,044 mi) long, flowing from the Tibetan Plateau south into the Andaman Sea. The Salween flows primarily within southwest China and eastern Myanmar (Burma), with a short section forming the border of Burma and Thailand. Throughout most of its course, it runs swiftly through rugged mountain canyons. Despite the river's great length, only the last 90 km (56 mi) are navigable, where it forms a modest estuary and delta at Mawlamyine. The river is known by various names along its course, including Thanlwin in Burma and Nu River in China. The commonly used spelling "Salween" is an anglicisation of the Burmese name dating from 19th-century British maps.
Shan State also known by the endonyms Shanland, Muang Tai, and Tailong, is a state of Myanmar. Shan State borders China (Yunnan) to the north, Laos to the east, and Thailand to the south, and five administrative divisions of Burma (Myanmar) in the west. The largest of the 14 administrative divisions by land area, Shan State covers 155,800 km2, almost a quarter of the total area of Burma. The state gets its name from Burmese name for the Tai peoples: "Shan people". The Tai (Shan) constitute the majority among several ethnic groups that inhabit the area. Shanland is largely rural, with only three cities of significant size: Lashio, Kengtung, and the capital, Taunggyi. Taunggyi is 150.7 km northeast of the nation's capital Naypyitaw.
Theinni or Hsenwi is a town in northern Shan State of Burma, situated near the north bank of the Nam Tu River and now the centre of Hsenwi Township in Lashio District. It is 28 miles (45 km) north of Lashio. It is 2,100 feet (640 m) above sea level.
Mang Lon, Manglon, Manglun, Manglön, or Mang Lön a state in the northern Shan states of Myanmar, was formerly the chief state of the Wa people. It is a mountainous territory, including the valleys of the Salween and its tributary the Nam Hka. It had an approximate area of 7770 km² and its estimated population in 1911 was 40,000.
Kunlong is the capital town of Kunlong Township in Shan State. its coordination is 23 25' 00" N and 98 39' 00" E.
Laihka State was a state in the central division of the Southern Shan States of Burma, with an area of 3711 km².
Kengtung Township is a township of Kengtung District in the Shan State of Myanmar. The principal town is Kengtung. It lies almost entirely east of the Salween River and its area is over 12,000 square miles (31,000 km2). It is bounded on the north by the states of Mang Lon, Mong Lem and Keng Hung ; east by the Mekong River, south by the Siamese Shan States, and west in a general way by the Salween River, though it overlaps it in some places. The state is known to the Chinese as Mhng Khng, and was frequently called by the Burmese the 32 cities of the Gn (HkOn). The classical name of the state is Khemarata or Khemarata Tungkapuri.
Kunhing (Kunhein) is located in Kunhing Township in the middle part of southern Shan state, Myanmar. The name Kunhein refers to "a thousand island" in the local Shan language.
Teng River or Nam Teng is a river of Shan State, eastern Burma. It is a tributary of the Salween River.
There are almost 200 large dams in Myanmar. Myanmar (Burma) has a large hydroelectric power potential of 39,000 megawatts (52,000,000 hp), although the economical exploitable potential is about 37,000 megawatts (50,000,000 hp). Between 1990 and 2002, the country tripled its installed capacity of hydro plants, increasing from 253 megawatts (339,000 hp) to 745 megawatts (999,000 hp). Total installed capacity in 2010 is at least 2,449 megawatts (3,284,000 hp) MW, 6% of potential. Several large dams are planned to increase future hydro utilization.
Kantarawadi, also known as Gantarawadi, was one of the Karenni States in what is today Kayah State in Burma. It was also known as "Eastern Karenni" owing to the location of part of its territory east of the Salween River.
Hopang is the capital of Hopang Township, Shan State, Myanmar (Burma). It is also the government designated capital of the Wa Self-Administered Division.
The Nam Pang River, also known as Pang River, is a major river of Shan State, eastern Burma. It is the largest tributary of the Salween River.
Lai-Hka (ဝဵင်းလၢႆးၶႃႈ) is a town of Lai-Hka District in the Shan State of Myanmar. It is the capital of Lai-Hka Township.
Panlong Subtownship is a subtownship of the Wa Self-Administered Division of Shan State, formerly and conterminously part of Hopang District.
Mawkmai, also known as Maukme, was a Shan State in what is today Burma. It belonged to the Eastern Division of the Southern Shan States.
Lawksawk, also known as Yatsawk was a Shan state in what is today Burma. It was located north of Myelat and belonged to the Central Division of the Southern Shan States. Its capital was Lawksawk town. The state included 397 villages and the population was mostly Shan, but there were also Danu, Pa-O and Palaung people in the area.
Kengtung, known as Menggen Prefecture or Möng Khün Chiefdom or Mueng Khuen Fu from 1405 to 1895, was a Shan state in what is today Burma. The capital and the residence of the ruler was Kengtung in the centre of the state. It was the only urban area in this mountainous state whose landscape is dominated by the Daen Lao Range.
The Wa States was the name formerly given to the Wa Land, the natural and historical region inhabited mainly by the Wa people, an ethnic group speaking an Austroasiatic language. The region is located to the northeast of the Shan States of British Burma, in the area of present-day Shan State of northern Burma (Myanmar) and the western zone of Pu'er Prefecture, Yunnan, China.
Isu Razi Pass is a border pass between China's Yunnan province and Myanmar, close to the border with the Tibet Autonomous Region. To the north of the pass is the Gongshan Derung and Nu Autonomous County of China. To the south is the Putao District of the Kachin State of Myanmar.
References
- ↑ Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 15, p. 200.
- ↑ Bertil Lintner, Great Game East: India, China and the Struggle for Asia’s Most Volatile Frontier, Harper Collins, New Delhi, 2012. Chapter 6
