Narkudi Velalar Varalaru is a book consisting of 1,035 Tamil poems by Arumuga Nayinar Pillai. It was published in 1920 by Sri S. Vala Subramaniya Pillai of Sivakalai. The book narrates the history of the Irungovel family, a branch of Pandya rulers who reigned for 201 generations from 3100 BCE to 1944 AD.[ according to whom? ]
Additional notes about this book was conducted by Sri R. Vaiyaapuri, M.A. and Santhalinga Adikalar, College of Tamil, Perur. [1] [2] [3]
Imayavaramban Neduncheralathan, Karungai Olvat Perumvazhuthi, and Deva Pandian (70th) signed a joint declaration of unity that lasted for 113 years. This treaty served to protect Tamil lands from northern invaders. During the final years of this pact (200 BC), the Chozha Emperor Karikalan II’s court poet, Mudathamakanniyar, wrote Porunaratrupadai [53-55]. She recorded the scene of three Tamil emperors sharing the same dais. Poet Kumattor Kannanar, who wrote the second ten in Pathitru Pathu, witnessed another historic meeting of these three Tamil emperors. Later in 42 BC, the poet Avvaiyar also witnessed three Tamil emperors together. This unity among Tamils did not last, however.
The Achaean League was a Hellenistic-era confederation of Greek city-states on the northern and central Peloponnese. The league was named after the region of Achaea in the northwestern Peloponnese, which formed its original core. The first league was formed in the fifth century BC. The second Achaean League was established in 280 BC. As a rival of Antigonid Macedon and an ally of the Roman Republic, the league played a major role in the expansion of Rome into Greece. This process eventually led to the League's conquest and dissolution by the Romans in 146 BC.
Paravar is a Tamil maritime community, mainly living in the state of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and in Sri Lanka. Historically, they were inhabitants of the Neithal (coastal) lands of Tamil Nadu, and find mention in various ancient Tamil literary works.
The Chera dynasty, was a Sangam age Tamil dynasty which unified various regions of the western coast and western ghats in southern India to form the early Chera empire. The dynasty, known as one of the Three Crowned Kings of Tamilakam alongside the Chola and Pandya, has been documented as early as the 4th to 3rd centuries BCE. Their governance extended over diverse territories until the 12th century CE.
Parantaka II was a Chola emperor. He is also known as Sundara Chola as he was considered an epitome of male beauty. He was the son of Arinjaya Chola and queen Kalyani, a princess of Vaidumba family. Parantaka II ascended the Chola throne despite the fact that his cousin Madurantaka Uttama Chola, the son of Gandaraditya Chola was alive and he had equal if not more claim to the Chola throne. During his reign, Parantaka Sundara Chola defeated the Pandyas and Ceylon and then recaptured the Tondaimandalam from Rashtrakutas.
The Bajaj Avenger is a cruiser style motorcycle designed and manufactured by Bajaj Auto in India. It draws the styling and other design cues from the Kawasaki Eliminator which had an air-cooled, single-cylinder Kawasaki engine and was sold at a premium. It was launched with a 180 cc engine, which has subsequently been increased to 200 cc and then 220 cc.
Mushika dynasty, also spelled Mushaka, was a minor dynastic power that held sway over the region in and around Mount Ezhi (Ezhimala) in present-day North Malabar, Kerala, India. The country of the Mushikas, ruled by an ancient lineage of the Hehaya clan of the same name, appears in early historic (pre-Pallava) south India and it is believed that Mushika dynasty has their descents from Heheya Kingdom. Early Tamil poems contain several references to the exploits of Nannan of Ezhimalai. Nannan was known as a great enemy of the pre-Pallava Chera chieftains. The clan also had matrimonial alliances with the Chera, Pandya and Chola chieftains. The Kolathunadu (Kannur) Kingdom, which was the descendant of Mushika dynasty, at the peak of its power, reportedly extended from Netravati River (Mangalore) in the north to Korapuzha (Kozhikode) in the south with Arabian Sea on the west and Kodagu hills on the eastern boundary, also including the isolated islands of Lakshadweep in the Arabian Sea.
The Velir were a royal house of minor dynastic kings and aristocratic chieftains in Tamilakam in the early historic period of South India. They had close relations with Chera, Chola and Pandya rulers through ruling and coronation rights. Medieval inscriptions and Sangam literature claim that they belong to the Yadu dynasty. Velir may refer to master of land.
The Early Pandyas of the Sangam period were one of the three main kingdoms of the Tamilakam, the other two being the Cholas, and Cheras dynasty. As with many other kingdoms around this period, most of the information about the Early Pandyas come to modern historians mainly through literary sources and some epigraphic, archaeological and numismatic evidence. The capital of the Early Pandyan kingdom was initially Korkai, Thoothukudi and was later moved to Koodal during the reign of Nedunjeliyan I.
There are literary, archaeological, epigraphic and numismatic sources of ancient Tamil history. The foremost among these sources is the Sangam literature, generally dated to 5th century BCE to 3rd century CE. The poems in Sangam literature contain vivid descriptions of the different aspects of life and society in Tamilakam during this age; scholars agree that, for the most part, these are reliable accounts. Greek and Roman literature, around the dawn of the Christian era, give details of the maritime trade between Tamilakam and the Roman empire, including the names and locations of many ports on both coasts of the Tamil country.
Ponniyin Selvan is a Tamil language historical fiction novel by Indian author Kalki Krishnamurthy. It was first serialised in the weekly editions of Kalki, a Tamil magazine, from 29 October 1950 to 16 May 1954 and later integrated into five volumes in 1955. In about 2,210 pages, it tells the story of early days of Chola prince Arulmozhivarman. Kalki visited Sri Lanka three times to gather information and for inspiration.
Cherar Kottai, Fortress of Chera Kings is a Tamil language historical novel in two volumes written by Gokul Seshadri. It is a sequel to Seshadri's novel Rajakesari, and it precedes Udhayabanu Karmegam, the final book of the trilogy. The story is based on the first military conquest of the Chola king Rajaraja Chola, at a place known as Kanthalur Salai in present-day Kerala.
The 2000 Air Force Falcons football team represented the United States Air Force Academy in the 2000 NCAA Division I-A football season. The team was a member of the Mountain West Conference. The Falcons were coached by Fisher DeBerry and played their home games at Falcon Stadium. They finished the season 9–3, 5–2 in Mountain West play to finish in second place. They were invited to the Silicon Valley Football Classic where they defeated Fresno State.
This is a list of archaeological artefacts and epigraphs which have Tamil inscriptions. Of the approximately 100,000 inscriptions found by the Archaeological Survey of India in India, about 60,000 were in Tamil Nadu