National Assembly Asamblea Nacional | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type | |
| Type | consultative body |
| History | |
| Established | 1927 |
| Disbanded | 1929 |
| Leadership | |
President | |
| Meeting place | |
| Palacio de las Cortes, Madrid | |
The National Assembly (Spanish: Asamblea Nacional) sometimes also referred to in Spanish as Asamblea Nacional Consultiva ("National Consultative Assembly") was a corporative chamber in Spain created by the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera, charged with the task of drafting a new constitution. It was active from 1927 to 1929.
Described as the first corporative chamber created in Europe during the interwar period, [1] in the view of Boris Mirkine-Guetzévitch the corporative nature had been chosen in order "to subject Spain to that discipline that will free her from the democratic virus". [2]
It was created via Royal Decree from 12 September 1927 published in the Gaceta de Madrid on 14 September. [2] Lacking in legislative power, the body only had a "consultative" nature. [3] Initially set to have a minimum of 325 and a maximum of 375 members (known as asambleístas), its size was later increased up to 400 members, requiring members to have the Spanish citizenship, to be over 25 years old, and to be free from incriminatory sentences. [4] It allowed women to be members, although only after being given permission from their husbands. [4] The first session took place on 10 October 1927 and the last on 6 July 1929. [5]
The direct or indirect appointment by the government of the members of the National Assembly came to replace people's election. [4] Appointed by the regime, José Yanguas Messía became the president of the National Assembly.
The unimplemented Constitutional draft elaborated by the National Assembly had an anti-liberal and authoritarian character. [6] Made public in July 1929, it met the outright rejection from the Liberal, Monarchist and Republican forces in the opposition. [7] It even got to the point of raising criticism from within the National Assembly, [8] and not even the dictator found satisfactory several features and details of the draft. [9]
Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja, 2nd Marquess of Estella, was a dictator, aristocrat, and military officer who served as Prime Minister of Spain from 1923 to 1930 during Spain's Restoration era. He deeply believed that it was the politicians who had ruined Spain and that governing without them he could restore the nation. His slogan was "Country, Religion, Monarchy." Historians depict him as an inept dictator who lacked clear ideas and political acumen, and who alienated his potential supporters such as the army. He did not create a base of support among the voters, and depended instead on elite elements. His actions discredited the king and ruined the monarchy, while heightening social tensions that led in 1936 to a full-scale Spanish Civil War.
José Antonio Primo de Rivera y Sáenz de Heredia, 1st Duke of Primo de Rivera, 3rd Marquess of Estella, often referred to simply as José Antonio, was a Spanish politician who founded the fascist Falange Española, later Falange Española de las JONS.
Miguel Cabanellas Ferrer was a Spanish Army officer. He was a leading figure of the 1936 coup d'etat in Zaragoza and sided with the Rebel faction during the Spanish Civil War.
José Calvo Sotelo, 1st Duke of Calvo Sotelo, GE was a Spanish jurist and politician, minister of Finance during the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera and a leading figure of the far right during the Second Republic. His assassination in July 1936 by the bodyguard of Socialist party leader Indalecio Prieto was an immediate prelude to the triggering of the military coup plotted since February 1936, the partial failure of which marked the beginning of the Spanish Civil War.
The Spanish Patriotic Union was the political party created from above by Spanish dictator Miguel Primo de Rivera, conceived as a support to his conservative dictatorship and integrating political Catholicism, technocrats, and the business-owning classes. The party's power was dependent upon the power of its founder and leader, not any popular mandate. Following the dismissal of Miguel Primo de Rivera in January 1930 by King Alfonso XIII, the party was succeeded by the Unión Monárquica Nacional.
Dámaso Berenguer y Fusté, 1st Count of Xauen was a Spanish general and politician. He served as Prime Minister during the last rales of the reign of Alfonso XIII.
Falange Española was a Spanish fascist political organization active from 1933 to 1934.
Hispanidad is a term alluding to the group of people, countries, and communities that share the Spanish language and Hispanic culture. The term can have various, different implications and meanings depending on country of origin, socio-political views, and cultural background.
Ernesto Giménez Caballero, also known as Gecé, was a Spanish writer, diplomat, and pioneer of Fascism in Spain. His work has been categorized as being part of the Surrealist movement, while Stanley G. Payne has described him as the Spanish Gabriele d'Annunzio.
Italy–Spain relations refers to interstate relations between Italy and Spain. Both countries established diplomatic relations after the unification of Italy. Relations between Italy and Spain have remained strong and affable for centuries owing to various political, cultural, and historical connections between the two nations.
Juan Víctor Pradera Larumbe (1872–1936) was a Spanish political theorist and a Carlist politician.
Events in the year 1927 in Spain.
María de Echarri y Martínez was a Spanish catholic propagandist and columnist, advocate of feminist causes.
Maurism was a conservative political movement that bloomed in Spain from 1913 around the political figure of Antonio Maura after a schism in the Conservative Party between idóneos and mauristas ('maurists'). Its development took place in a period of crisis for the dynastic parties of the Spanish Restoration regime. The movement, which fragmented in several factions in the 1920s, has been portrayed as a precursor of the Spanish radical right.
Fernando de los Ríos Urruti was a Spanish professor of Political Law and Socialist politician who was in turn Minister of Justice, Minister of Education and Foreign Minister between 1931 and 1933 in the early years of the Second Spanish Republic. During the Spanish Civil War (1936–39) he was Spanish Ambassador to France and then to the United States.
Eduardo Callejo de la Cuesta (1875–1950) was a Spanish jurist and politician, professor of the University of Valladolid, who served as Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts during the Civil Directory of the Primo de Rivera dictatorship (1925–1930). His institutional career ended with his office presiding over the Council of State in Francoist Spain.
Women during the Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera had few rights and were subjected to discriminatory gender norms. While feminists were active, they were limited in numbers and their organizations were not overly successful in accomplishing their goals.
The history of the far-right in Spain dates back to at least the 1800s and refers to any manifestation of far-right politics in Spain. Individuals and organizations associated with the far-right in Spain often employ reactionary traditionalism, religious fundamentalism, corporate Catholicism, and fascism in their ideological practice. In the case of Spain, according to historian Pedro Carlos González Cuevas, the predominance of Catholicism played an essential role in the suppression of external political innovations such as Social Darwinism, positivism, and vitalism in Spanish far-right politics.
Julio Gil Pecharromán is a Spanish historian, specialising in the political history of 20th-century Spain.
The National Monarchist Union was a Spanish political party, founded in April 1930 as successor to the Patriotic Union, the official party promoted by the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera. Its leadership comprised several minister of the regime as well as the son of the dictator. Featuring a Neo-Conservative matrix, the party included nonetheless an active group of representatives of the radical right and vouched for the installation of an Authoritarian monarchy.
