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The current political regime in Angola is presidentialism,in which the President of the Republic is also head of state and government;it is advised by a Council of Ministers,which together with the President form the national executive power. Legislative power rests with the 220 parliamentarians elected to the National Assembly. The President of the Republic,together with the parliament,appoints the majority of the members of the two highest bodies of the judiciary,that is,the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court. The judiciary is still made up of the Court of Auditors and the Supreme Military Court.
Angola was first settled by San hunter-gatherer societies before the northern domains came under the rule of Bantu states such as Kongo and Ndongo. In the 15th century,Portuguese colonists began trading,and a settlement was established at Luanda during the 16th century. Portugal annexed territories in the region which were ruled as a colony from 1655,and Angola was incorporated as an overseas province of Portugal in 1951. After the Angolan War of Independence,which ended in 1974 with an army mutiny and leftist coup in Lisbon,Angola achieved independence in 1975 through the Alvor Agreement. After independence,Angola entered a long period of civil war that lasted until 2002.
The National Union for the Total Independence of Angola is the second-largest political party in Angola. Founded in 1966,UNITA fought alongside the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) and the National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA) in the Angolan War for Independence (1961–1975) and then against the MPLA in the ensuing civil war (1975–2002). The war was one of the most prominent Cold War proxy wars,with UNITA receiving military aid initially from the People's Republic of China from 1966 until October 1975 and later from the United States and apartheid South Africa while the MPLA received support from the Soviet Union and its allies,especially Cuba.
The People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola,from 1977–1990 called the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola –Labour Party,is an Angolan social democratic political party. The MPLA fought against the Portuguese Army in the Angolan War of Independence from 1961 to 1974,and defeated the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) and the National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA) in the Angolan Civil War. The party has ruled Angola since the country's independence from Portugal in 1975,being the de facto government throughout the civil war and continuing to rule afterwards.
JoséEduardo dos Santos was an Angolan politician and military officer who served as the president of Angola from 1979 to 2017. As president,dos Santos was also the commander-in-chief of the Angolan Armed Forces (FAA) and president of the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA),the party that has ruled Angola since it won independence in 1975. By the time he stepped down in 2017,he was the second-longest-serving president in Africa,surpassed only by Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo of Equatorial Guinea.
Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos,known as Nandó,is an Angolan politician who was the first vice president of Angola from February 2010 to September 2012. He was the prime minister of Angola from 2002 to 2008 and president of the National Assembly of Angola from 2008 to 2010. He has again served as president of the National Assembly from 2012 to 2022.
The National Front for the Liberation of Angola is a political party and former militant organisation that fought for Angolan independence from Portugal in the war of independence,under the leadership of Holden Roberto.
Elections in Angola take place within the framework of a multi-party democracy. The National Assembly is directly elected by voters,while the leader of the party or coalition with the most seats in the National Assembly automatically becomes President.
The following lists events that happened during 1975 in South Africa.
Álvaro Holden Roberto was an Angolan politician who founded and led the National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA) from 1962 to 1999.
Isaías Henrique Ngola Samakuva is an Angolan politician who was the President of the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) from June 2003 to November 2019.
The National Assembly is the legislative branch of the government of Angola. Angola is a unicameral country so the National Assembly is the only legislative chamber at the national level. The People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) has held a majority in the Assembly since Angolan independence in 1975.
Parliamentary elections were held in Angola on 5 and 6 September 2008,as announced by President JoséEduardo dos Santos on 27 December 2007. They were the first since the 1992 general elections,which had led to the outbreak of the second phase of the Angolan Civil War,which continued until 2002.
The Alvor Agreement,signed on 15 January 1975 in Alvor,Portugal,granted Angola independence from Portugal on 11 November and formally ended the 13-year-long Angolan War of Independence.
Since its independence from Portugal in 1975,Angola has had three constitutions. The first came into force in 1975 as an "interim" measure;the second was approved in a 1992 referendum,and the third one was instituted in 2010.
The People's Republic of Angola was the self-declared socialist state which governed Angola from its independence in 1975 until 25 August 1992,during the Angolan Civil War.
Parliamentary elections were held in Angola on 9 December 1986. They had been scheduled for 1983,but were postponed due to the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola's (UNITA) military gains in the civil war. The elections were the second elections conducted in the nation after in got independence from Portugal in 1975 and after the 1980 elections. During the period of 1975 to 1980,a civil war was fought between three parties,namely,People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA),National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA),and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) and the disturbance continued to the 90s.
General elections were held in Angola on 31 August 2012 to elect the President and National Assembly. These were the first elections after the new 2010 constitution was instituted. During campaigning,the opposition UNITA and its offshoot CASA-CE accused and criticised the government of corruption and called for greater transparency;this led to protests and arrests the day before the election.
General elections were held in Angola on 24 August 2022 to elect the President and National Assembly. Incumbent president João Lourenço was eligible for one more term. The MPLA was re-elected with a reduced majority,winning 124 seats with 51% of the vote. The main opposition party,UNITA won 90 seats with 44% of the vote. The Social Renewal Party (PRS),the National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA) and the Humanist Party of Angola (PHA) each won two seats. The elections were the closest in Angolan history between the MPLA and UNITA.
References
- 1 2 "Angola: Ngola Kabangu Elected FNLA President". Angola Press Agency via AllAfrica. 2007. Retrieved 2007-11-12.
- ↑ List of deputies elected in the 2008 election Archived 2008-09-19 at the Wayback Machine , CNE website (in Portuguese).
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