Related Research Articles
Lignite, often referred to as brown coal, is a soft, brown, combustible sedimentary rock formed from naturally compressed peat. It has a carbon content around 25–35% and is considered the lowest rank of coal due to its relatively low heat content. When removed from the ground, it contains a very high amount of moisture, which partially explains its low carbon content. Lignite is mined all around the world and is used almost exclusively as a fuel for steam-electric power generation.
Vattenfall is a Swedish multinational power company owned by the Swedish state. Beyond Sweden, the company generates power in Denmark, Finland, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom.
Kogi State is a state in the North Central region of Nigeria, bordered to the west by the states of Ekiti and Kwara, to the north by the Federal Capital Territory, to the northeast by Nasarawa State, to the northwest by Niger State, to the southwest by the Edo and Ondo states, to the southeast by the states of Anambra and Enugu, and to the east by Benue State. It is the only state in Nigeria to border ten other states. Named for the Hausa word for river (Kogi). Kogi State was formed from parts of Benue State, Niger State, and Kwara State on 27 August 1991. The state is nicknamed the "Confluence State" due to the fact that the confluence of the River Niger and the River Benue occurs next to its capital, Lokoja.
Enugu is the capital city of Enugu State in Nigeria. It is located inland in the Southeastern part of Nigeria. In 2006, the city had a population of 820,000 according to the last Nigerian census.
The National Coal Board (NCB) was the statutory corporation created to run the nationalised coal mining industry in the United Kingdom. Set up under the Coal Industry Nationalisation Act 1946, it took over the United Kingdom's collieries on "vesting day", 1 January 1947. In 1987, the NCB was renamed the British Coal Corporation, and its assets were subsequently privatised.
The Cape Breton Development Corporation, or DEVCO, was a Government of Canada Crown corporation. It ceased operation on December 31, 2009, after being amalgamated with Enterprise Cape Breton Corporation (ECBC).
Enugu State is a state in the South-East geopolitical zone of Nigeria, bordered to the north by the states of Benue and Kogi, Ebonyi State to the east and southeast, Abia State to the south, and Anambra State to the west. The state takes its name from its capital and largest city, Enugu. The city acquired township status in 1917 and was called Enugwu-Ngwo. Due to the rapid expansion towards areas owned by other indigenous communities, it was renamed Enugu in 1928.
UK Coal Production Ltd, formerly UK Coal plc, was the largest coal mining business in the United Kingdom. The company was based in Harworth, in Nottinghamshire. The company was a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index. The successor company that contains the former property division, Harworth Group, is still listed on the London Stock Exchange.
Solid Energy was the largest coal mining company in New Zealand and is a state owned enterprise of the New Zealand Government.
ZCCM Investments Holdings is a successor company to Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines Limited, of Zambia.
Coal is mined in every state of Australia. The largest black coal resources occur in Queensland and New South Wales. About 70% of coal mined in Australia is exported, mostly to eastern Asia, and of the balance most is used in electricity generation. In 2019-20 Australia exported 390 Mt of coal and was the world's largest exporter of metallurgical coal and second largest exporter of thermal coal. While only employing 50,000 mining jobs nationally coal provides a rich revenue stream for governments.
The mining of minerals in Nigeria accounts for only 0.3% of its gross domestic product, due to the influence of its vast oil resources. The domestic mining industry is underdeveloped, leading to Nigeria having to import minerals that it could produce domestically, such as salt or iron ore. The rights to ownership of mineral resources is held by the Federal Government of Nigeria, which grants titles to organizations to explore, mine, and sell mineral resources. Organized mining began in 1903, when the Mineral Survey of the Northern Protectorates was created by the British colonial government. A year later, the Mineral Survey of the Southern Protectorates was founded. By the 1940s, Nigeria was a major producer of tin, columbite, and coal. The discovery of oil in 1956 hurt the mineral extraction industries, as government and industry both began to focus on this new resource. The Nigerian Civil War in the late 1960s led many expatriate mining experts to leave the country. Mining regulation is handled by the Ministry of Solid Minerals Development, who are tasked with the responsibility of overseeing the management of all mineral resources in Nigeria. Mining law is codified in the Federal Minerals and Mining Act of 1999. Historically, Nigeria's mining industry was monopolized by state-owned public corporations. This led to a decline in productivity in almost all mineral industries. The Obasanjo administration began a process of selling off government-owned corporations to private investors in 1999. The Nigerian Mining Industry has picked up since the "Economic Diversification Agenda", from Oil & Gas, to Agriculture, Mining, etc., began in the country.
Coal in India has been mined since 1774, and India is the second largest producer and consumer of coal after China, mining 777.31 million metric tons in FY 2022. Around 30% of coal is imported. Due to demand, supply mismatch and poor quality with high ash content, India imports coking coal to meet the shortage of domestic supply. Dhanbad, the largest coal producing city, has been called the coal capital of India. State-owned Coal India had a monopoly on coal mining between its nationalisation in 1973 and 2018.
Oji River is a Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. It borders Anambra State and Abia State. Its headquarters are in the town of Oji River. The towns within Oji River L G A are:- Inyi, Achi Agụ, Achị Ụlọ, Awlaw, Akpugoeze, Oji-River Urban and Ugwuoba.
Christian Chukuwuma Onoh, popularly known as CC Onoh, was a Nigerian businessman and lawyer who became governor of Anambra State in 1983 at the end of the Nigerian Second Republic. He was also the father-in-law of Emeka Ojukwu.
The Central Mine Planning and Design Institute is a subsidiary of Coal India Limited which is under the ownership of the Ministry of Coal, Government of India, engaged in the field of environmental engineering and provides consultancy and engineering services across the globe. It is a public sector undertaking under the Government of India and is rated as a Schedule-B and Mini Ratna-II company.
In 2018, Nigeria's primary energy consumption was about 155 Mtoe. Most of the energy comes from traditional biomass and waste, which accounted for 73.5% of total primary consumption in 2018. The rest is from fossil fuels (26.4%) and hydropower.
Energetický a průmyslový holding, a.s. (EPH) is a Czech Republic (Prague) based company currently investing mainly in the energy sector in Europe, founded in 2009. The group's business lines covers the complete value chain ranging from highly efficient cogeneration, power generation, and natural gas transmission, gas storage, gas and electricity distribution and supply. The majority owner is Czech entrepreneur and lawyer Daniel Křetínský (94%), who is ranked among the richest Czechs in the long term and according to Forbes he became a dollar billionaire in 2017. The remaining 6% is distributed among selected managers of EPH. EPH employs almost 25.000 people and comprises over 50 companies.
Anambra Basin is one of the energy-rich inland sedimentary basins in Nigeria. It is a nearly triangular shaped embayment covering about 3000 km2 with a total sedimentary thickness of approximately 9 km. The Basin lying between 6°–7.8°N latitude and 6°40'–7°30'E longitude, is an area of agricultural and fisheries production. Fish species of genus Clarias are common in the basin especially in the dry season.
Coal supplies a quarter of Turkey's primary energy. The heavily subsidised coal industry generates over a third of the country's electricity and emits a third of Turkey's greenhouse gases.
References
- ↑ "Nigerian Coal Corporation". MBendi. Archived from the original on 25 June 2007. Retrieved 12 April 2008.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Godwin Chukwudum Nwaobi. "The Nigerian Coal Corporation: An Evaluation of Production Performance (1960–1987)" (PDF). Quantitative Economic Research Bureau. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 May 2011. Retrieved 12 April 2008.
- ↑ Balogun, Mercy Ayodele, Folake (21 March 2022). "Mining sector remains stunted despite huge potential". Businessday NG. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - 1 2 1962 Nigeria Year Book. Daily Times of Nigeria. 1962. p. 143.
- ↑ "Coal and Lignite". OnlineNigeria. Retrieved 12 April 2008.
- 1 2 "Steel & Solid Materials: Enterprises for Privatisation" (PDF). Beijing Eagle Tech & Business Development Co., Ltd. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 May 2011. Retrieved 12 April 2008.
- 1 2 "Scope and Status of Privatisation Activities in the Solid Mineral Sector of the Nigerian Economy" (PDF). Nigerian Bureau of Public Enterprises. 12 January 2007. Retrieved 12 April 2008.[ permanent dead link ]
- 1 2 "Nigerian Coal Corporation Broke, Sells Assets". Vanguard Newspaper. Retrieved 12 April 2008.
- ↑ "CoalTrans International Magazine". WCN Publishing. Archived from the original on 2 November 2006. Retrieved 12 April 2008.
- ↑ "Enugu lawmakers vow to resist sale of Coal firm". Vanguard Newspaper. 10 January 2007. Retrieved 12 April 2008.[ permanent dead link ]
- ↑ "Enugu Assembly condemns sale of coal corporation". The Tide Newspaper. 3 August 2007. Archived from the original on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 12 April 2008.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
