Mary Therese Winifred Robinson is an Irish politician who served as the seventh president of Ireland,holding the office from December 1990 to September 1997. She was the country's first female president. Robinson had previously served as a senator in Seanad Éireann from 1969 to 1989,and as a councillor on Dublin Corporation from 1979 to 1983. Although she had been briefly affiliated with the Labour Party during her time as a senator,she became the first independent candidate to win the presidency and the first not to have had the support of Fianna Fáil. Following her time as president,Robinson became the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights from 1997 to 2002.
Freedom of religion or religious liberty is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or community,in public or private,to manifest religion or belief in teaching,practice,worship,and observance. It also includes the right not to profess any religion or belief or "not to practise a religion".
Religious intolerance is intolerance of another's religious beliefs,practices,faith or lack thereof.
State atheism or atheist state is the incorporation of hard atheism or non-theism into political regimes. It is considered the opposite of theocracy and may also refer to large-scale secularization attempts by governments. To some extent,it is a religion-state relationship that is usually ideologically linked to irreligion and the promotion of irreligion or atheism. State atheism may refer to a government's promotion of anti-clericalism,which opposes religious institutional power and influence in all aspects of public and political life,including the involvement of religion in the everyday life of the citizen. In some instances,religious symbols and public practices that were once held by religions were replaced with secularized versions of them. State atheism in these cases is considered as not being politically neutral toward religion,and therefore it is often considered non-secular.
The human rights record of North Korea is widely considered to be among the worst in the world and has been globally condemned,with the United Nations and groups such as Human Rights Watch all critical of it. Amnesty International considers North Korea to have no contemporary parallel with respect to violations of liberty.
The beliefs and practices of Jehovah's Witnesses have engendered controversy throughout their history. Consequently,the denomination has been opposed by local governments,communities,and religious groups. Many Christian denominations consider the interpretations and doctrines of Jehovah's Witnesses heretical,and some professors of religion have classified the denomination as a cult.
Khaled Abou el Fadl is the Omar and Azmeralda Alfi Distinguished Professor of Law at the UCLA School of Law where he has taught courses on International Human Rights,Islamic jurisprudence,National Security Law,Law and Terrorism,Islam and Human Rights,Political Asylum,and Political Crimes and Legal Systems. He is also the founder of the Usuli Institute,a non-profit public charity dedicated to research and education to promote humanistic interpretations of Islam,as well as the Chair of the Islamic Studies Program at the University of California,Los Angeles. He has lectured on and taught Islamic law in the United States and Europe in academic and non-academic environments since approximately 1990.
The United States Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) is a U.S. federal government commission created by the International Religious Freedom Act (IRFA) of 1998. USCIRF Commissioners are appointed by the President and the leadership of both political parties in the Senate and the House of Representatives. USCIRF's principal responsibilities are to review the facts and circumstances of violations of religious freedom internationally and to make policy recommendations to the President,the Secretary of State,and the Congress.
The situation of Human Rights in Pakistan is complex as a result of the country's diversity,large population,its status as a developing country and a sovereign Islamic democracy with a mixture of both Islamic and secular law.
Christians in Benin constitute approximately 48.5 of the country's population.
Human rights in Canada have come under increasing public attention and legal protection since World War II. Prior to that time,there were few legal protections for human rights. The protections which did exist focused on specific issues,rather than taking a general approach to human rights.
Islam is the state religion of Saudi Arabia.
The main blasphemy law in Egypt is Article 98(f) of the Egyptian Penal Code. It penalizes:"whoever exploits and uses the religion in advocating and propagating by talk or in writing,or by any other method,extremist thoughts with the aim of instigating sedition and division or disdaining and contempting any of the heavenly religions or the sects belonging thereto,or prejudicing national unity or social peace."
Felice D. Gaer is an American human rights defender and advocate. She has worked on human rights matters and was a longstanding member and the former chair of the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom. She is a member of the US National Commission to UNESCO.
Christian Solidarity International (CSI) is a Christian human rights NGO that is "committed to defending religious liberty,helping victims of religious repression,victimized children,and victims of disaster." It is based in Switzerland,with affiliates in the United States,Czech Republic,France,Germany,Hungary,and South Korea.
International Christian Concern (ICC) is an ecumenical,non-governmental,non-partisan Christian organization,located in Washington,DC,whose concern is the human rights of Christians and religious minorities. Its mission is to help religious minorities from all forms of persecution through assistance,advocacy,and awareness.
The Congressional-Executive Commission on China (CECC) is an independent agency of the U.S. government which monitors human rights and rule of law developments in the People's Republic of China. The commission was given the mandate by the U.S. Congress to monitor and report on human rights issues with a particular focus on compliance with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Its reporting covers developments in freedom of expression,the right to peaceful assembly,religious freedom,freedom of movement,freedom from arbitrary arrest and detention or torture,and the right to a fair trial,among others. The commission publishes an annual report to the President of the United States and Congress,typically in the fall of each year. It also maintains a database of prisoners of conscience,holds regular roundtables and hearings,and issues letters to other institutions concerning human rights matters.
John Eibner is an American Christian human rights activist. He served as the CEO of Christian Solidarity International-USA until 2021. He has also served on the board of the American Anti-Slavery Group,and was a member of the Institute of Historical Research at the University of London.
The religion in Liechtenstein is predominantly Catholic,with a minority of Protestants,non-adherents,and adherents of other religions;it also has a small Muslim population,composed mainly of immigrants from countries including Bosnia and Herzegovina and Turkey.
The Republic of Uruguay is located in South America,between Argentina,Brazil and the South Atlantic Ocean,with a population of 3,332,972. Uruguay gained independence and sovereignty from Spain in 1828 and has full control over its internal and external affairs. From 1973 to 1985 Uruguay was governed by a civil-military dictatorship which committed numerous human rights abuses.
