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The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) is an international convention to protect human rights and political freedoms in Europe. Drafted in 1950 by the then newly formed Council of Europe, the convention entered into force on 3 September 1953. All Council of Europe member states are party to the Convention and new members are expected to ratify the convention at the earliest opportunity.
The European Court of Human Rights, also known as the Strasbourg Court, is an international court of the Council of Europe which interprets the European Convention on Human Rights. The court hears applications alleging that a contracting state has breached one or more of the human rights enumerated in the Convention or its optional protocols to which a member state is a party. The European Convention on Human Rights is also referred to by the initials "ECHR". The court is based in Strasbourg, France.
Ivane "Vano" Merabishvili is a Georgian politician and former Prime Minister of Georgia from 4 July to 25 October 2012. A former NGO activist, he became directly involved in Georgia's politics in 1999 and emerged as one of the government's most influential members after the 2003 Rose Revolution, especially as Georgia's Minister of Internal Affairs.
The Bosnian genocide refers to either the Srebrenica massacre or the wider crimes against humanity and ethnic cleansing throughout areas controlled by the Army of Republika Srpska (VRS) during the Bosnian War of 1992–1995. The events in Srebrenica in 1995 included the killing of more than 8,000 Bosniak men and boys, as well as the mass expulsion of another 25,000–30,000 Bosniak civilians by VRS units under the command of General Ratko Mladić.
Erik Møse is a Norwegian judge.
The 2006 deportation of Georgians from Russia refers to the deaths, unlawful arrests, expulsions and overall mistreatment of several thousand ethnic Georgians by the Russian government during the 2006 Georgian–Russian espionage controversy. The official Russian position was that Georgians in question violated the Russian immigration law and that their expulsion and treatment in custody was just standard law enforcement. The Georgian government countered that Russia's concerted actions against ethnic Georgians, including properly documented individuals, was an act of political retribution for the arrest of Russian spies and was tantamount to "mild form of ethnic cleansing". Georgian claims were supported by the Human Rights Watch, which documented "the Russian government's arbitrary and illegal detention and expulsion of Georgians, including many who legally lived and worked in Russia..." Georgia subsequently sued the Russian Government in the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR).
Capital punishment in Georgia was completely abolished on the May 1, 2000 when Protocol No. 6 to the ECHR was signed. Later Georgia also adopted the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR. The death penalty was replaced with life imprisonment.
Jean-Paul Costa is a French jurist and was the President of the European Court of Human Rights from 19 January 2007 until his term at the Court ended on 3 November 2011. He was first appointed a judge of the Court on 1 November 1998, and in 2009 was elected to serve an additional three years as President.
Ineta Ziemele is Latvian jurist and judge at the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Latvia since 2015. On 8 May 2017 she was elected to be the President of the Constitutional Court.
Alan Vaughan Lowe QC is a barrister and academic specialising in the field of international law. Chichele Professor of Public International Law in the University of Oxford, and a Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1999-2012; Emeritus Professor of International Law and Emeritus Fellow of All Souls College, University of Oxford, since 2012. He was called to the Bar of England and Wales at Gray's Inn, of which he is a Bencher, in 1993 and appointed Queen's Counsel on 28 March 2008. He practices from Essex Court Chambers, London. He is an associate member of l'Institut de droit international.
Thea Tsulukiani is a former Minister of Justice of Georgia from October 2012 to October 2020. Prior to her appointment, she ran as a candidate for the Free Democrats (Georgia), and was elected as Member of Parliament for Nazaladevi, a single- mandate constituency of the capital, with 72% of the vote. She resigned on 29 September 2020, effective 1 October. Since December, 2020 she is a member of Parliament of Georgia.
Guido Raimondi is an Italian judge born in Naples and former judge and President of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). Raimondi was nominated to the court by Italy and began his 9-year term as ECHR judge on 5 May 2010. He was the President of ECHR from 1 November 2015 until 4 May 2019.
George Nicolaou is a Cyprus judge born in Larnaca and currently the Judge of the European Court of Human Rights in respect of Cyprus
Luis López Guerra is a Spanish judge born in León and currently the Judge of the European Court of Human Rights in respect of Spain.
Vincent A. De Gaetano is a Maltese judge, serving since 2010 as judge of the European Court of Human Rights in respect of Malta. Since 3 November 2010 he is Vice-President of Section IV.
Síofra O’Leary is an Irish lawyer and judge at the European Court of Human Rights.
Ksenija Turković is a Croatian jurist a current vice-president and judge at the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR).
Individuals and events related to Georgia in 2021.
References
- ↑ "Composition of the ECHR - Judges, Sections, Grand Chamber". www.echr.coe.int. Retrieved 2019-12-04.
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