Prince Norodom Montana was Cambodian politician, who held a number of ministerial posts and served as the president of the upper chamber of the legislature. [1]
Montana was born on 18 March 1902 in Phnom Penh. [2] A member of the Cambodian royal family, he was a son of prince Monthonthanay and grandson of prince Norodom Duong Chakr. [2] He worked in the French civil service. He was minister of religion, and then minister of economy from March to August 1945, then minister of agriculture from August to October 1945. He founded Progressive Democratic Party in April 1946, [2] which failed to win any seats in the National Assembly of Cambodia in 1947. Montana became a member of the High Council of the Kingdom in 1948. [2] He was minister of public training and sports from November 1953 to April 1954, then minister of public religion and labor in April 1954, then minister of public health and labour from April to July 1954. He was appointed minister of education from January to September 1955. [2] He was later appointed as governor of Kampot province and later governor of Kampong Speu province. [2] He was president of the Royal Council from 1963 to at least 1967. [2]
Montana married several times and had 13 children. [2]
It is believed that he died in 1975 during the political purges carried out by the Khmer Rouge after it took power.
The politics of Cambodia are defined within the framework of a constitutional monarchy, in which the king serves as the head of state, and the prime minister is the head of government. The collapse of communism set in motion events that led to the withdrawal of the Vietnamese armed forces, which had established their presence in the country since the fall of the Khmer Rouge. The 1993 constitution, which is currently in force, was promulgated as a result of the 1991 Paris Peace Agreements, followed by elections organized under the aegis of the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia. The constitution declares Cambodia to be an "independent, sovereign, peaceful, permanently neutral and non-aligned country." The constitution also proclaims a liberal, multiparty democracy in which powers are devolved to the executive, the judiciary and the legislature. However, there is no effective opposition to the Prime Minister Hun Sen, who had been in power from 1984 until 2023. His Cambodian People's Party won all 125 seats in the National Assembly in 2018 after the banning of opposition party CNRP and KNLF. KNLF became a main opposition exiled in Denmark after CNRP was dissolved. During the communal election in 2022 and the national election in 2023, there were no international observers. The government is considered to be autocratic.
Norodom Sihanouk was a member of the Cambodian royal house who led the country as King and Prime Minister. In Cambodia, he is known as Samdech Euv. During his lifetime, Cambodia was under various regimes, from French colonial rule, a Japanese puppet state (1945), an independent kingdom (1953–1970), a military republic (1970–1975), the Khmer Rouge regime (1975–1979), a Vietnamese-backed communist regime (1979–1989), a transitional communist regime (1989–1993) to eventually another kingdom.
The French protectorate of Cambodia refers to the Kingdom of Cambodia when it was a French protectorate within French Indochina, a collection of Southeast Asian protectorates within the French colonial empire. The protectorate was established in 1863 when the Cambodian King Norodom requested the establishment of a French protectorate over his country, meanwhile Siam renounced suzerainty over Cambodia and officially recognised the French protectorate on Cambodia.
The National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful and Cooperative Cambodia, commonly referred to as FUNCINPEC, is a royalist political party in Cambodia. Founded in 1981 by Norodom Sihanouk, it began as a resistance movement against the People's Republic of Kampuchea (PRK) government. In 1982, it formed a resistance pact with the Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea (CGDK), together with the Khmer People's National Liberation Front (KPNLF) and the Khmer Rouge. It became a political party in 1992.
Norodom Ranariddh was a Cambodian politician and law academic. He was the second son of King Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia and a half-brother of King Norodom Sihamoni. Ranariddh was the president of FUNCINPEC, a Cambodian royalist party. He was also the first Prime Minister of Cambodia following the restoration of the monarchy, serving between 1993 and 1997, and subsequently as the President of the National Assembly between 1998 and 2006.
Sisowath Monivong was the King of Cambodia from 9 August 1927 until his death in 1941. During his reign, Cambodia was a French protectorate. Monivong was the grandson of the poet-king Ang Duong, grandfather of Norodom Sihanouk and the great-grandfather of the current king, Norodom Sihamoni. His full regnal title and style was Preah Bat Samdech Preah Serey Monivarman Krom Luang Chao Chakrabangsa Sisowath Monivong Ney Preah Reacheanachak Kampuchea which can be literally translated from Khmerized Sanskrit as "His majesty, glorious lord scholar-protector; His highness, lord of land and sea, Sisowath Monivong of the Kingdom of Kampuchea". He is the most recent male monarch from the House of Sisowath, as all his successors are members of the House of Norodom.
Norodom Sihamoni is King of Cambodia. He became King on 14 October 2004, a week after the abdication of his father, Norodom Sihanouk.
The monarchy of Cambodia is the constitutional monarchy of the Kingdom of Cambodia. The King of Cambodia is the head of state and head of the ruling Royal House of Norodom. In the contemporary period, the king's power has been limited to that of a symbolic figurehead. The monarchy had been in existence since at least 50 AD except during its abolition from 1970 to 1993. Since 1993, the king of Cambodia has been an elected monarch, making Cambodia one of the few elective monarchies of the world. The king is elected for life by the Royal Council of the Throne, which consists of several senior political and religious figures. Candidates are chosen from among male descendants of King Ang Duong who are at least 30 years old, from the two royal houses of Cambodia.
Norodom Chakrapong is a Cambodian politician, businessman and former major-general of the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces. He is the fourth son of Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia and also a half-brother of the current king, Norodom Sihamoni. Chakrapong started his career as a military pilot in 1963. After Sihanouk was overthrown in 1970, Chakrapong spent time under house arrest, then in Beijing as the Head of Protocol of then-Prince Sihanouk, afterwards living overseas before he joined the Funcinpec in 1981 and fought against Vietnamese occupation as a commander of the Armée Nationale Sihanoukiste. In 1991, Chakrapong left Funcinpec to join the Cambodian People's Party (CPP) and served as the Deputy Prime Minister of Cambodia between 1992 and 1993. When the CPP lost the 1993 general elections, Chakrapong led a secession attempt in 1993. In 1994, he was accused of joining a failed coup attempt which led him to be sent into exile. After Chakrapong was pardoned in 1998, he founded a private airline company, Royal Phnom Penh Airways. The airlines later stopped all operations in early 2006.
The prime minister of Cambodia is the head of government of Cambodia. The prime minister is also the chairman of the Cabinet and leads the executive branch of the Royal Government of Cambodia. The prime minister is a member of parliament, and is appointed by the monarch for a term of five years. Since 1945, 37 individuals have served as prime minister; 33 as official prime ministers, and 4 in acting capacities. The current prime minister since 2023 is Hun Manet.
Chan Sy, also spelt Chan Si, was a Cambodian politician who served as the Prime Minister of the People's Republic of Kampuchea from 1982 until his death in 1984.
[[ thumb ]] Roland Eng, is a Cambodian politician, a former MP, Minister of Tourism and Ambassador. He was elected MP for Kampot province during the 1st mandate of the Royal Government of Cambodia, election held under the UN supervised (UNTAC), simultaneously he was appointed as the 1st Minister of Tourism -and then head of Missions in New-York Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, and the United States of America. At only 12 years old, he was sent to France to study, supposedly for only one year. Then, a coup d’état by Gen Lon Nol in 1970 plunged Cambodia into misery. The coup leaders consigned his father to house arrest. Then when the Khmer Rouge invaded Phnom Penh, Eng’s parents, all five sisters and two brothers were killed. Unable to return to Cambodia he pursued his studies at the Université Paul Cézanne Aix-Marseille III with a degree in public administration. In 1979, Eng joined King Norodom Sihanouk as his private secretary, in exile in France, China and North Korea. Upon the appointment of His Royal Highness Prince Norodom Ranariddh to build up the Royalist Armed Forces along the Thai-Cambodian borders. Eng was appointed as Spokesman in charge of the Information division of the Funcinpec . Eng's career in the public service began during some of the most turbulent times in Cambodia's history. As private secretary to His Majesty King Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia from 1979 to 1981, he later spent more than a decade in the royalist movement along the Thai-Cambodian border until the Paris Peace Agreement in 1991. Eng was an active participant in the Paris Peace Accords that established UNTAC, the United Nations operation in Cambodia. He was subsequently appointed by His Majesty the King as the then Supreme National Council of Cambodia's (SNC) rotating Ambassador to the United Nations to coordinate the United Nation's Operation in Cambodia. Eng later ran as a MP's candidate for the Kampot under the Royalist's party. Eng served simultaneously as Cambodia's first Minister of Tourism from 1992-1993. During his short tenure, he modernized and transformed Cambodia's nascent tourism sector, transforming the Tourism's Department into a full-fledged Ministry with a clear vision and mandate to develop the country's tourism. As Cambodia started to open up, in 1994, Eng was selected to reestablish diplomatic relations with Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand and from 1999 to 2005 he was posted to Washington D.C. Upon his return, Eng served as Ambassador at-Large with Minister rank.
Chau Sen Cocsal, also known as Chhum, was a Cambodian civil servant and politician who served as Prime Minister of Cambodia in 1962 and President of the National Assembly twice, in 1962–1963 and 1966–1968. Chhum was awarded the honorary title "Samdech" in 1993 by King Norodom Sihanouk.
Sisowath Monipong was the second son of the former King of Cambodia, Sisowath Monivong and Princess Norodom Kanviman Norleak Tevi. He took part in Cambodian politics during and after World War II.
The House of Norodom is the ruling royal house of Cambodia. Its members are direct descendants of King Norodom (1860–1904), a son of the "Great-King", Ang Duong. The current head of the House of Norodom is the current king of Cambodia, Norodom Sihamoni. Norodom is one of only two royal houses of Cambodia. Its counterpart, the House of Sisowath, is named after another son of Ang Duong, Sisowath. Four members have served as Kings of Cambodia, and three as Prime Ministers led by the Cambodian People's Party (CPP) that ruled Cambodia as an authoritarian single-party state after it won all 125 seats in cities, towns and provinces throughout the country in the election campaign since 2018.
Nhiek Tioulong was a Cambodian army officer, politician, and actor who served as Acting Prime Minister of Cambodia from 13 February 1962 to 6 August 1962. He was a prominent politician during the tenure of Prince Norodom Sihanouk. He also served as Minister for Foreign Affairs in the 1960s and repeatedly as governor of provinces in Cambodia. In 1969 he received the honorary title Samdech Chakrey Konhchara Thipadei by Prince Norodom Sihanouk.
Prince Norodom Arun Yukanthor was the eldest son of King Norodom of Cambodia.
Trinh Hoanh was a major Cambodian intellectual and right-wing politician of the mid-20th century who served as Minister of Information and was president of the Khmer Writers Association, until he was assassinated by the Khmer Rouge in April 1975.